เทคโนโลยีชีวภาพสำหรับพืช ในปัจจุบัน

Biotechnology for the plants. Currently, biotechnology has a role and importance in the creation of the agricultural progress very much. As to lead to increased output. To create a new plant varieties with resistance to diseases and pests, as well as the durability of the environment that are not suitable for growth so that effective responses to the needs of food and produce from the plant, according to the world population increases. The use of biotechnology in agricultural production will be the same technique that is not complex in development, including technical improvements and expanded selection of plants, etc., with more varieties and production efficiency to get the quantity of output or better varieties, but did not increase plant output or in a single work. Subsequently, the development of the science is much more, how much more productivity, but take less and have a more complex work may have to use other creatures to help increase productivity, or even both to increase productivity in the proper conditions, which can accelerate and expand the varieties go out quickly. Using the techniques in the development of different technologies with the aim to increase the yield of crops that have been developed and implemented in a variety of ways today. Tissue culture Plant tissue culture (Plant tissue culture) is one of the leading biotechnology side branch cell tissues or organs by the tissue growth of the plant feed in food synthesis (synthetic medium) in a State free from infections (aseptic condition) under the control of environment optimum: temperature, humidity, lighting, etc. Typically, tissue culture popularity led tissues from larvae of the cultivation of the grain free of infection. (Aseptic technique) because all the pieces of the light source can be used as a tissue source in vitro tissue sections or parts obtained from plants to bring disinfecting surface area (surface sterilization). Prior to use in plant tissue culture This can be done on a semi solid food jelly (agar medium) and liquid (liquid medium), in which the latter made popular on a vibrator (shaker) to increase the oxygen given to cells. After raising the tissue for a period of time Must have taken a new food into tissue (subculturing), because the original less food and bad cells and more. Synthetic food refers to food that is used to raise parts of the plants, plant growth. Synthetic food consist of minerals in proportion to one that is appropriate for each type of plant. There are 2 types of synthetic food is.Food type 1) fluid (liquid medium) for tissue in liquid foods will have to shake the bottle or esophagus tissue so that the exchange of air or oxygen is found at the plant tissue. When fed a plant tissue. Need to be taken to the new tissue (subculture), because nutrients are reduced to taking waste from plant tissue. If you do not transfer the tissue in the appropriate time to make the cells, and plant tissue to die. 2. food (agar medium)) look like a gel, which contains elements of the nutrients necessary for the plant, as well as the rest of the food type. When fed to a tissue. The tissue will grow into a new plant, starting from the beginning of increasing cell by breaking a plant cell called a cache group lalat (callus) then it has developed into a section of the plant, such as the amount of leaves and roots, plant tissue culture can be used to develop agriculture in the areas as follows: Application of plant tissue culture techniques to use in agriculture. Medicine, such as -To expand a particular crop plants (micropropagation) that has economic value. Plant a crop due to improper environmental conditions and rare herbal plants. -Tissue can result in high-yield varieties, (high yield), increase resistance or endurance to dry, it's used to improve plants (plant breeding). -The development of plants from tissue culture growing in conditions free of infections, it's used to separate and plant diseases: free removal virus in plants. -Combining the protoplast (cell wall digestion plant cells were removed but a thin cell membrane) of the two types of plants. The best feature of the new plants include two types of plants. -Preserve (germplasm) is stored for long periods without liquid nitrogen at low temperature in. To be used before taking a tissue to synthesize food. นอกจากประโยชน์ในเชิงเกษตรกรรม ยังมีการประยุกต์ใช้การเพาะเลี้ยงเนื้อเยื่อพืชเพื่อการผลิตสารทุติยภูมิ (secondary metabolites) ที่มีประโยชน์ทางอุตสาหกรรม หรือ การเลี้ยงเนื้อเยื่อพืชสมุนไพรเพื่อผลิตสารที่มีฤทธิ์ทางยา โดยเริ่มจากการเลี้ยงเนื้อเยื่อพืชสมุนไพรในอาหารกึ่งแข็ง หรืออาหารเหลวแล้วหาวิธีการหรือเทคนิคต่าง ๆ ไปกระตุ้นให้เซลล์พืช ผลิตสารให้มากขึ้น ได้แก่ การปรับเปลี่ยนสูตรอาหาร การปรับเปลี่ยนสภาวะแวดล้อมที่มีผลต่อสารสำคัญนั้น ๆ การเติมสารตั้งต้น (precursors) ของขบวนการซึ่งสังเคราะห์(biosynthetic pathway) ลงในอาหารเลี้ยงเซลล์ และการเหนี่ยวนำเซลล์พืชให้เกิดความเครียด (stress) เป็นต้น ข้อได้เปรียบของการใช้เทคนิคการเพาะเลี้ยงเนื้อเยื่อพืชในการผลิตสารทุติยภูมิเพื่อประโยชน์ ในทางการค้า เหนือกว่าการปลูกแบบดั้งเดิม หลายประการดังนี้1. สามารถกำหนดและควบคุมสภาวะมาตรฐานในการเจริญเติบโตได้แน่นอน2. ไม่มีการผันแปรทางสภาพภูมิอากาศและฤดู3. ใช้ระยะเวลาในการเพาะปลูก4. สามารถควบคุมปริมาณการผลิตให้เหมาะสมกับความต้องการของตลาด5. สามารถควบคุมคุณภาพของสารทุติยภูมิให้คงที่6. การสกัดแยกสารทุติยภูมิทำได้ง่ายกว่า ลดต้นทุนการผลิต

Biotech crop
biotechnology has now come into play. And the importance of making progress in agriculture very seriously. This is leading to increased productivity. Creating new plant varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests. As well as a sustainable environment unsuitable for growing. To provide a response to the demand and production of plant growing world population by increasing
the use of biotechnology in agriculture. The technique is not complicated to develop. Such techniques were developed. And propagation of plant species are more so. And increase production efficiency To get a better yield or strain. But can not increase the plant. Or more output In operation it once was. The development of science has increased. Therefore, how to increase productivity, it takes less time. And how to work more complicated. May be used by other creatures to help increase productivity. Or even to increase productivity in the proper environment, which can be accelerated and spread out quickly. Using techniques In developing it The goal is different technologies to increase productivity of crops that have been developed and are currently used in many different ways vitro tissue culture plants (Plant tissue culture) is a science. By the biotechnology branch cell. Or organs, the tissue of the plants were grown in artificial (synthetic medium) in sterile (aseptic condition) under the appropriate environmental conditions including temperature, light and humidity, etc. Basically vitro popular tissues. seedlings from the nursery tablet sterile (aseptic technique) because every piece of seedlings can be used as tissue progenitors in cultured tissue sections or parts of the plant must be disinfected. surface (surface sterilization) before use in plant tissue culture. Can do on solid agar (agar medium) and liquid (liquid medium), the latter made ​​popular on the shaker (shaker) to add oxygen to the cells. Tissue possible after a long period of time. Need to be taken Tissue into new food (Subculturing) because the food is reduced. Cells and waste products excreted more synthetic food means food that is fed to the parts of the plants grown to plant. Synthetic foods contain nutrients in proportion to one right for each crop. Artificial divided into two types: 1) a liquid (liquid medium) tissue in liquid for a bottle or esophageal tissue. To provide air exchange Or to add oxygen to the tissues. When the plant tissue to have one. Require a tissue to new foods (subculture) because nutrients are reduced. It also has to take out the waste from the plant tissue. If the tissue at the right time to make plant cell and tissue death, 2) solid (agar medium) jelly. The composition of the necessary nutrients for the plants, as well as the food. When tissue to a certain time. Tissue will grow into a new plant. Start by increasing the amount of cell division, a plant cell, called a callus (callus) that will be developed as part of the plant such as the leaves and roots, plant tissue culture can be. the development of agriculture in the following application of plant tissue culture techniques to use in the agricultural industry such as - in plant propagation. (Micropropagation), especially plants with economic value. The plants are growing problems due to inappropriate environment. And rare plants - the tissue can result in high yield (high yield), or increase the resistance. Increased tolerance to drought Thus contributing to the improvement of plants (Plant breeding) - plants grown from tissue culture grown in a sterile condition. It used to isolate and Virus-free plants, including the elimination of viral diseases in plants - mixing protoplast (plant cell wall is digested, leaving only a thin cell membrane) of the two plants together. Make new plantings that combine features of two types of plants together - keeping varieties (germplasm) in a long time. By stored in liquid nitrogen at low temperatures to be used, thus taking into synthetic tissues are useful in agriculture. There is also an application of tissue culture plants for the production of secondary metabolites (secondary metabolites) useful industrial or medicinal plant tissue culture to produce the effect of the drug. Beginning with tissue culture plants in semi-solid foods. Or a liquid diet and then find out how or techniques to stimulate plant cells. Produce more include modifying recipes. Modifying the environmental conditions that affect the substance that fills the reactants (precursors) of the synthesis process (biosynthetic pathway) into cultured cells. Plant cells and induced stressors (stress), etc. The advantage of using plant tissue culture techniques in the production of secondary metabolites for commercial interest than traditionally grown. Several reasons: 1. Standards can be defined and controlled conditions in growth was inevitable second. No changes to the climate and season three. The duration of cultivation 4. You can control the volume of production to meet market demand five. Can control the quality of secondary metabolites constant 6. The extraction of secondary metabolites easier. Lower production costs

Biotechnology for plant
.At present, biotechnology has played a role. And the importance of making progress to agriculture. The lead to increase productivity. Creating new varieties of plants with resistance to diseases and pests.To have a response to food requirements and yield of plants increased with the increasing world population for more on
.Application of biotechnology in agriculture. The same technique is used, not complicated in development, including techniques, selection, improve the development and propagation of plants, etc.) to be more.To yield or breed better. But cannot increase the amount of plants or plant products. In the work only once. Later development of science has more and more.And how to work more complicated. By may use other creatures to help improve the yield. Or even to increase productivity in optimal conditions, which can accelerate and breed out quickly.In the development that will have different goals, technology in increasing the yield of plants that have developed and used at present, there are many ways
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. Tissue culturePlant tissue culture (Plant tissue culture) is a branch of science biotechnology the cell tissue. Or organ the meristem of plants cultured in synthetic (synthetic medium) in the condition without infections (aseptic condition).Such as temperature, light and moisture, etc. by general tissue culture seedlings นิยมนำ tissue from that of cultured pellets is sterile. (aseptic technique)., from plants to be sterilized at the skin (surface sterilization)
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