บทที่ 2เอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้อง ปัจจุบัน

Chapter 2The relevant documents. ปัจจุบันประเทศไทยมีปัญหาสุขภาพของเกษตรกรและผู้บริโภคที่เกิดจากการใช้สารเคมีกำจัดแมลงที่สำคัญของสังคมไทย จากข้อมูลของสำนักงานโรคจากการประกอบอาชีพและสิ่งแวดล้อมใน ปี 2550 ระบุผลการสำรวจการสัมผัสสารกำจัดแมลงของเกษตรกรจำนวน 89,376 รายพบว่าเกษตรกร มีผลการตรวจเลือดอยู่ในระดับเสี่ยงและไม่ปลอดภัยต่อสุขภาพจำนวน 34,428 รายคิดเป็นร้อยละ 38.52ซึ่งใกล้เคียงกับผลการตรวจเลือดของเกษตรกรในปี 2554 จำนวน 533,524 ราย มีระดับเสี่ยง จำนวน 173,243 รายคิดเป็นร้อยละ 32 และผลการศึกษาผลกระทบทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ของสารเคมี กำจัดแมลงในปี 2555 พบว่ามูลค่าความสูญเสียอันเนื่องจากการใช้สารเคมีกำจัดแมลงที่มีต่อสุขภาพ ของเกษตรกรและผู้บริโภคมีมูลค่าหลายพันล้านบาทต่อปีและมีแนวโน้มว่าจะสูงขึ้นทุกปีแนวโน้ม ของปัญหาที่เพิ่มขึ้น เนื่องจากการที่เกษตรกรเลือกใช้สารเคมีกำจัดแมลงที่มีอันตรายสูงใช้อย่าง ไม่ระมัดระวังและ มีการเก็บผลผลิตก่อนระยะเวลาที่กำหนดหลังจากใช้สารเคมีทำให้สารพิษตกค้าง ในผลผลิตที่วางจำหน่ายทั่วไปซึ่งสารเคมีกำจัดแมลงที่ตรวจพบสามารถแบ่งได้เป็น 4 กลุ่มใหญ่1. a group of chemical insecticide 1.1 Orbital group no phosphate include: skin membranes at fossil (such as 40 losfo) E PN (such as เคูฟอส) An cows rao's (KRA chao, for example), there are video tho eight (such as mate fori) of rafi Dino fossil (such as Super cron) khabo Sullivan fans (such as wefsan) Philadelphia no fossil (e.g. to rasi.) the image of a watch (e.g. damet) ASI fate (such as the wise man) asinon directory (for example, take the tofu Don) quarter khlo von (eg dip thoerek) Mono chrome fossil ones (such as aso darin) e-thaio (such as recycle at mathai on) mala Tai Chi on (for example, from La face) 1.2 master MLS ม่คาร์ met Baba: Gloucester mill (such as LAN net) Karlovy Vary Hotel Zurich (like a phwi pm) carbofuran (such as Zidane Furano), PMC b (na-Xin) mate thio khap (e.g. mail-roll) to weld's Mill (e.g. wai de thaaen) M-AI rakhap, solutions or PC (like the San suite), rapho services (such as: baiko)-ladi khap (such as Te mamik) thai o di khap (such as Larnaca win) Barnes, Buena Mano khap (such as recycle at masi-) 1.3 Super fiber group mate Simon: retroi Rin (such as service phokot, Xin h mabu) Delta mate Rin (e.g. Osaka, de SI's) mate Aoyama Rin (such as @ thonaya, mabu, h, p) 1.4 group organochloride is a hazardous material that is prohibited by law, such as didithi (e.g. agri-eat) n a Sullivan fan (such as Metro land, take-Zidane, thio Dan) Darin entities (such as n de rok) on lower resolution (for example, children of ร็กซ์) but lower resolution (like good children ร็กซ์) den khlo (i.e. good. maybe)3.1.5 miscellaneous group of pesticides that have a mechanism different from the first group 4 krit. 1.5.1 phenylalanine convection zone (pyrazone Phenyl): phenylalanine, ranin (such as algorithms) 1.5.2 neo Nicolas Te noi or loro Nicolas Te noi (chloro Neo/Nicotinoiids): Adidas-se Ta-privilege. (For example, the LAN) Italy-David Cole rapid (e.g., domain, rawa) 1.5.3 sapai no Xin (spinosyns): "UNO sapai (i.e. success) 1.5.4 the mail server-motto (Avermectins): excellent mail-concepts (such as active-kroti) 1.5.5 Ben Cho IL urea (Benzoylureas) include a full background suron (such as r-Ron system) 1.5.6 weld of Praslin has (Octopramine): a family cruise travel (such as the Mitsubishi TRA Gonzalez) 1.5.7 the Ney สท๊ Xin chest (Nereistoxin) include a car. Hydro khlo rai (Cartaphydrochloride) Take, for example, Dan 1.5.8 skin the semiconductors are new lead, 2: 4 (Chloroacetanilide)-d (for example, a la khlo) 1.5.9 stony rabi Lu Rin (Strodilurins): ASO great Cyber-rabin (on Te WA) 1.5.10 calcined New Delhi dadai's knife (Anthrnilic Diamide): new poll-watching notra's host (for example, English thon Polar Hotel) 2. knowledge about the vegetables. The chemicals in fresh vegetables from the farmers ' group, chemical plants, pharmaceutical domain hole sot removal remove chemical screening series to get rid of insects in vegetables by means of random checks from different places to compare how places have detected the chemical in fresh vegetables, vegetables that are checked are as follows:2.1 Kale Greens4. Kale (Brassica alboglabra Science: name) is a popular green leaf vegetables eaten part of a consumer General and. Originated in Asia and widely in China. Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the Thai nation, which the Chinese called Chinese broccoli, chicken, Yilan supplements. 2-year-old Kale vegetable, vegetable planting, but as a single-season vegetables for about harvesting age 45-55 days, vegetables, kale can grow all year round, but is most effective when planted in October-April. Species [solved] Planting Kale in the popular Thai exist 3 varieties together: • Round leaf varieties have leaves large articulate short. At the end of the leaf surface is rounded and small waves are: 1 number of Fang.• Species of the Cape is a species that has a much narrower at the end of circular blades the Cape deals away. Smooth surface of the P.L.20 species are as follows:• Top breeder or stem. Looks the same as the number of Chinese broccoli, but pointed to the horizon is less than articulate: maternal Jo 2. There are many types of nutrients, such as vitamins, Chinese broccoli, beta-carotene 186.92 maikhrokram/100. GM reduces the risk of stomach cancer Bowel cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer and vitamin c also helps strengthen the tissues and cause disease, immune system strength. It also has calcium helps strengthen bones. It also found a goitrogen (goitrogen) in the large intake of kale and cause bloating.2.2 mixed vegetables cabbage 5. Cauliflower or cabbage leaves (English: cabbage) is the name Brassica oleracea L. type wooden stand falling var capitata. in most of the Cruciferae family round shape with green, but other colors such as purple and white have originated on Medi-arenian. The spread is 3 separate generic type:• 1. conventional varieties of cabbage, Copenhagen market and varieties of Golden acres.2. red cabbage (Red Cabbage) a better Ruby Red in the cold weather.3. the cabbage leaves (Savoy Cabbage) and wrinkles in the skin to shorten the cold pinch effects.Nutrients The cabbage has compounds s mail mail thin tho o Nin can cure stomach and. Goitrogen substance that causes the body's disease. It also found that there is an antioxidant, especially cancer, stop the growth of cancer cells in the intestine. There were cabbage used to compress the breast reduction pain cure postpartum mothers milk.2.3 Guangdong vegetables.Scientific name: Brassica parachinensis Jusl var chinensis (Bailey) Tsen & Lee.Cruciferae family.Common name: Chinese Cabbage-PAI TSAI6.Description: a green vegetable

Chapter 2 documents the current UK health problems of farmers and consumers, resulting from the use of chemical pesticides, the importance of social Thailand. Office of Occupational and Environmental Diseases in 2550 identified a survey of pesticide exposure of farmers found that 89,376 farmers. The results of a blood test at the health risks and safety of 34,428, representing a percentage. 38.52, which is close to the results of blood tests in 2554 of 533,524 farmers with the volume of 173,243, representing a 32 percent and an economic impact study of the chemical. Pest Control in 2555 found that the amount of loss due to the use of chemical pesticides on health. Of farmers and consumers billions of baht per year and is likely to rise year on year trends. The increasing problem Because of the farmers use chemical pesticides are used very dangerous. Be very careful and The pre-harvest period after making toxic chemicals. In yield generally available which pesticide detected can be classified into 4 groups : 1. A group of insecticides 1.1. The organic acids include chlorpyrifos phosphate phosphatase (such as Lorne FOUR 40) EPN (eg Eco Jodie) The Crow Studios (eg. Be paid), there was Thomas James (eg Forio matrix) a Delfino Jodie (such as super Akron) carbo Salman fans (such as wavelet Rizal) Delfino Jodie (eg to the Council. ), the Methodists et (eg Dade matrix) Asi Fate (eg organic wise) as the Xenon (like Pato Fu Don) trichlorfon and dichlorvos (eg Mendip Terrell Fax) mono Virtus Fort. (such as Lawrence Stradlin) E. Wertheim on. (Such as Siam Tiger on), malathion (eg corona interface) 1.2 of group carbamate to include methomyl (eg LAN connection) Carlos Ramos acid (eg interceptions win) Carr. Boca furans (such as Fura Dan) B PMC as (Na Xin) Metro Theo carbs (such as methanol, Sue roll) Oxford Masami (such as the Wye dating L.) M. IPC. or Isopropyl carbs (such as special charges) Pro user browser (such as Baygon) All the carbs (such as Tempe, MD) supplemented the carbs (such as La Marvin) Fiano soap. carbs (such as Siam Xin) 1.3 Pirates steroids include cypermethrin (like Rip Cord, SIM Bush) de-nitration (such as NPR, dB) Super nitration (. like Ann Bush, Pera Metroid) 1.4. The Organochloride Is hazardous to the law prohibiting such as DDT (such as Green I) tendons Salsa fans (like Metro region, Pato, Sedan, Theo Dan) inhibitor (such as the Drexler) aldrin (eg. All Drake Fax), dieldrin (eg the de Mexico Fax) chloride residue (like all good. I) 3 1.5 Miscellaneous chemical pesticides group with mechanical power out of the first group of 4 to 1.5. 1 phenyl take zones (Phenyl pyrazone) Special vinyl and feed (like Al Gore) 1.5.2 neocolonialization foil or Lauro nicotine Boys (Neo / chloro Nicotinoiids) include. ASEM Kawasaki's Head (such as Lake Como), but in Cold Pidgin (eg pro WADO) 1.5.3, to techno synthesizer (spinosyns) to include a stratified analyzes (eg, Success) 1.5.4. I Vermelho pectin (Avermectins) include Gucht's pectin (such as Agro Rati) 1.5.5 Ben Cho Il urea (Benzoylureas) are soo Ron Paul Clough (eg, leaning Ron) 1.5. 6 Oxford University Prasad Mar (Octopramine) include amino Graz (such as amino Graz) 1.5.7 Neil Rees toxin (Nereistoxin) include Carl Tap hydrochloric's income (formal. Cartaphydrochloride) as PADAN 1.5.8 chloroaniline Jose Titanic Leads (Chloroacetanilide) including 2, 4-D (ie, a la chloride) 1.5.9 Straubing Blue Prince (Strodilurins) also reflects a growing Society. The airport (on Captiva) 1.5.10 anthracene New Leads Diana knife (Anthrnilic Diamide) include chlorinated mineral gray New Li (such as pre-wa Python) 2. Knowledge of vegetables that. came to finding the chemicals in fresh vegetables come from. A farmer's chemical plants crit dosages bringing screening assays insecticides in vegetables. The samples from various locations in order to compare the location of the detected chemicals in vegetables to be examined include 2.1. Kale 4 Kale (Scientific name: Brassica alboglabra) is a leafy plant that consumers generally eat the leaves and stem. Have originated in Asia and is widely used in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia and Thailand. The Chinese call it chicken, broccoli, kale, Cai Lun is 2 years old, but planting a vegetable vegetables during the dry season. Harvested about 45-55 days kale can be grown throughout the year. But the plant is the best in the months from October to April species [edit] kale planted in the three species, namely • species rounded leaves look a vast segment of the short end of a rounded surface is. little wave varieties Fang No. 1 • species is a species that looks sharp, narrow leaves than the rounded tip of the peninsula to the skin smooth varieties PL20 • Top seed or stem. Kale leaves look like a sharp blade. The number of leaves per plant and less articulate than 2 varieties Mae kale contains many vitamins, nutrients such as beta - carotene 186.92 mg / 100 g reduces the risk. Stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and bladder cancer. It also contains vitamin C helps strengthen skin tissue. And the immune system is healthy. It also contains calcium to strengthen bones. Moreover Goitrogen (goitrogen) in kale. This inevitably causes bloating 2.2. Cabbage 5 cabbage or cabbage leaves (English: cabbage) is a herbaceous plant species Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata in the family Cruciferae are mostly green, round shape. But other colors such as white and purple have originated in the Mediterranean Mediterraneo. The widespread split into 3 types: • 1. cabbage varieties of like species Copenhagen Market and Golden Acre 2. red cabbage (Red Cabbage) leaves a ruby red. Based on a chilly 3. Cabbage leaves shrivel (Savoy Cabbage) curly leaf wrinkling skin needs special cold food. In cabbage contains S. methyl Methodist's new. To treat gastric and there. Goitrogen substance which causes goiter. It was also found to have anti-cancer, especially to stop the growth of cancer cells. Research has found cabbage compress the breast cancer screening reduces pain the mother 2.3. Choy scientific name Brassica chinensis Jusl var parachinensis (Bailey) Tsen & Lee family Cruciferae Common Chinese Cabbage-PAI TSAI 6 Appearance of vegetables.

Chapter 2

related documents

.At present, the health problems of farmers and consumers arising from the use of insecticide of the society. From the data of occupational diseases and the environment in the year 2550.89.376 patients found that farmers. Effective blood levels in risk and safe health, the number 34 428 percentage 38.52 which is close to the test results of farmers in 2554 number 533 524 cases, level of risk, 173243 cases were 32 the economic impact of chemical insecticides in 2555 found ว่ามูลค่า loss due to chemical insecticide use on health.Of the problem increases. Due to the farmers use insecticide with high danger use careless and Have to yield before the time limit after the use of chemicals to toxins.A large group of 4
.
1 group of insecticide
1.1 group or no phosphate were accompanied ไพริ FOSS (such as Lord สโฟ square 40) EP n (such as K mu () (Crochet OSU (such as paper and people even) ethanol (such as โฟริ mate). The fino FOSS (such as super Akron) carbosulfan (such as wave SAL) fino FOSS (such as to the SIL) di Belle et.Dead mate) ASI fate (such as auto.)) data sleep (such as Pato food sleep) trichlorfon (such as dipterex) โมโนโคร โตฟ circuits (such as SEO drin) Yi parathion. (such as syam Tai on) malathion (such as Mala face)
.1.2 much abuse opponents carbamates including methomyl (such as grille) car Bari (such a safe win) external drugs (such as fura Dan) BP MC, such as (Nasi). Methiocarb (such as Mei SR al) Oxford oxamyl (such as Wai date L) m IPC or isolate Pro carbon (such as Mo satellite).(such as inequities) all ดิคา herbs (such as Thames Mick) is โอดิ carbon (such as (win), fear no bookA herbs (such as syam Xin)
.1.3 group afforestation such as cypermethrin (such as the rip chords, SIM Bush) deltamethrin (such as deca เดซิส), permethrin (such as ambush พีรา trend, Troy)
1.4 organochlorine group. A dangerous objects the law prohibited right including DDT (such as อกรี eat) endosulfan (such as Metro Dan, bring the growth,Theo Dan) endrin (such as ligaments Drake). Poor accuracy (i.e., all Drake). Dieldrin (such as deal Drake). คลอร์เดน (such as well.)



, 3 1.5 Pesticide miscellaneous group with different 4 mechanism out ukrit achievement first group
1.5.1 phenyl Paso (Phenyl pyrazone), including fipronil (such as genetic algorithms)
1.5.2 neonicotinoid or lo roni โคติน boys (Neo / chloro Nicotinoiids): An acetaminophen พริด
(such as Mo LAN) อิมิ Da Cole rapids (such as pro Wado)
1.5.3 spicy enoxin (spinosyns), including spirulina no sad (such as success)
.1.5.4 Xebec. Make tin (Avermectins): wanna make tin (such as axis, Martin)
1.5.5 benzoyl urea (Benzoylureas): Contact information (such as a chlorine fluoride ah bronze)
1.5.6 ox โทป auramine (Octopramine), including amitraz (such as amitraz)
1.5.This 7 Reese top Mexican (Nereistoxin), including cartap hydrochloride (trade Reiche Cartaphydrochloride)
like taking Dan
1.5.8 chloro - se Taniguchi Lee. (Chloroacetanilide), including 2 4 - good (e.g. alachlor)
1.5.9 stroma Bi Lu Lin (Strodilurins), including azo recycle and petroleum fly (auto tutor. 1.5)
.10 anthracite Ni Da Dai AMI (Anthrnilic Diamide) were accompanied Rand know นิลิ poll (such as premium wa thorn)

2. Knowledge of the vegetables used routinely
.Determination of chemicals in vegetables from The farmers pesticide enemy plants do drugs using screening kits insecticide in fresh vegetables. Random check from different places2.1 kale





4 Kale (scientific name:Brassica alboglabra) is a green leafy vegetables, popular eating generally consume the leaves and ships. Originated in Asia and grown mostly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia and Thailand, which the Chinese call broccoli that chicken LAN CAI.2 years but is planted vegetable harvest season, age about 45-55 the kale can be grown throughout the year. But when planting works best in October - April
.[Edit]
of broccoli grown in 3 varieties exist together.
- leaf varieties, they look leaves vast, short segments end rounded and leaves the skin is a little wave. Include varieties, Fang number 1
.Education (the blade sharp is a species with narrow leaves than varieties leaf leaf tip pointed items away skin ใบเรียบ include varieties P.L.20
.- Yod or stem with leaves like broccoli leaves the Cape. But the leaf number per plant was less than internodes longer include varieties maejo 2

nutrients include vitamins broccoli types such as beta-carotene 186.92 UG / 100 g, reduces the risk of stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. And also the vitamin C helps to strengthen the tissue moist.Also, calcium helps to strengthen the bones also found John Dewey (goitrogen) in broccoli, which consume very much. The bloating
.2.2 cabbage



5 cabbage or cabbage (English: cabbage) is a herbaceous species name Brassica oleracea L. Var.Capitata in secondary Cruciferae roundness, mainly green, but other colors have, such as white and purple resident birth staying around the Mediterranean. Later spread in general, can be divided 3 type is
-



1.Ordinary, such as cabbage varieties Copenhagen supermarket and varieties of golden acre
2. Red cabbage (Red Cabbage) leaves are ruby red. Up in the chilly
3. Savoy cabbage (Savoy Cabbage) leaves the skin wrinkle to pinch cold special
.The nutrients in cabbage substance s Methyl เมโธ โอนิน. Can cure the stomach and. John Dewey substances which cause of goiter. Moreover, it was found that the compounds against cancer, especially to stop the growth of cancer cells intestines.2.3 Choy

scientific name Brassica chinensis Jusl var parachinensis (Bailey) Tsen & Lee
family Cruciferae
common name Chinese Cabbage-PAI TSAI


6 characteristics: vegetables here.