The verb
A group of words cannot be described as a sentence or a clause unless at least one of the words is a verb. In. Some ways we can, describe it as the most important part of speech because it is the 'action' word that tells the listener. Or reader what is happening in the sentence. Verbs can be 'action' words like run initiate judge throw,,,,But they can also denote less active notions and have more to do with mental processes and perceptions like see know,,,, Think and so on.
A The noun noun is a word which is used to denote a person (traffic warden woman Prime Minister pianist,,,, Etc.), a concrete or abstract entity (binoculars fork field,,,, truth incoherence etc.) or a place (office garden railway,,, Station).These are all common nouns; there are also proper nouns which are the names of a specific person place event etc,,,, usually Starting with a capital letter for example York,,,,, John Christmas Saturday.
A noun can be extended to a noun, phrase. In the example phrases, given below the noun (in the first example) and the noun phrase (in the remaining examples) is in. Bold.Note how much the noun phrase can be extended by adding extra information each time.
Dogs can be vicious
Some dogs can. Be vicious
Some of the dogs can be vicious
Some of the bigger dogs can be vicious
Some of the bigger dogs in the dog pound. Can be The adverb vicious
.The traditional approach to adverbs has been to assign mainly those words which are made from adjectives by the addition. Of the ending - ly, (quickly hopelessly), plus certain other words which are difficult to, not classify like, and soon, just. Their main function is to qualify the action of the verb in the clause in, some wayBut they can also be used to add more information to an adjective or other adverb e.g. Awfully good incredibly slowly,,. The class of adverbs is very wide-ranging in form and is used to add comments to many of the other word classes.
, The preposition Prepositions Allow us to talk about the way in which two parts of a sentence are related to each other. They include words like in on,,, Under.Beside through inside,,,, before opposite. More often, than not these relationships are to do with either time, or space. But other types of relationship such possession cause, as, and effect and method can be expressed by using, prepositions. The words themselves are generally short and simple but some prepositions are multi-word units; for example out of by,,, Means of in spite of instead of,,,Up to etc. Unless they are part of a verb (get, up switch in pick, off), prepositions are always followed by a phrase containing. A noun - at school in summer over, the, the moon and so on.
An The adjective adjective gives the reader or speaker extra. Information about a noun or delimits it in some way. It can occur in two positions in a phrase:
before the noun as in clear. Water.Beautiful beaches a terrible, decision. The adjectives in these examples are said to be attributive
following, any form. Of the verb be (e.g. Am is was been,,,) and similar verbs (,,) seem appear become as in the water became clear the beaches,, Are beautiful. These adjectives are in predicative position.
Pronouns The pronoun are usually treated as a special sub-class. Of nouns.This is because they stand in for a noun or group of nouns. They are limited in number and belong to what is called a closed. ,, set that is a group of words to which new members are for purposes not, practical, allowed. Some examples of pronouns. Are: I you he she,,,,,,, our its something anyone and so on. Thus instead of, saying Bill ', s arrived. Bill' s in, the lounge. We prefer Bill 's arrived.He 's in the lounge. Or a person called for you; better would be someone called for you. There are several other words which. Fall into this class; for example (the) one (s), when used to replace dishes in the example: pass me the dishes - the ones. On the top shelf.
It The conjunction would be very unusual for anyone to either speak or write completely in simple sentences;Instead we tend to use a mixture, of simple compound and complex sentences. One way to create longer more complicated,, Sentences is to use conjunctions. As we have already noted in the section on types of clause conjunctions serve, to connect. Two or, more clauses phrases or words together to make longer constructions. In the following examples the conjunction,, Is in bold:
The coffee, was strongBut sweet.
We can go to the match or watch it on TV.
She has a dog and two cats.
When I, arrived home they had already. Eaten.
I had to stop driving because the rain was so bad.
Can I have a word with you if you ', ve got the time?
Although he. Can ', t swim he goes sailing.
There are two types of conjunction. The first is the coordinating conjunction;Examples of this can be seen in sentences a to C above. This type is always used to connect elements that share the same. Status grammatical, is that, clause main to main clause verb verb, to, to, noun noun adjective to adjective and so on. In. Sentence a two adjectives strong sweet, and, conjoined are, B two, in verbs go and watch and C two nouns dog and, cats.
.The second type is the subordinating conjunction which most, often joins two or more unequal clauses to one another. Typically. A main clause will be connected to a subordinate clause as we saw in the section on clause types. So in sentences d to G. Above the subordinate, clause (which you will remember cannot stand on, its ownBut needs another more important clause to complete the meaning) begins with a conjunction here when, because if and,,, Although.
Word class membership
Although the description above may give the impression that any one word within a single. Meaning belongs exclusively to one word class you should, note that this is not the case. Study the words in bold in the. Following examples:
.I couldn 't give her an immediate answer.
I was surprised when he answered my letter.
Do not write on the front of the. Answer sheet.
In the first sentence answer is, being used as a noun - note the attributive adjective immediate and the word. An both indicative, of a following noun.
In, the second answer is a verb - the subject he and the ending - ed show this.
While.) In, the thirdAnswer tells you what kind of sheet is being talked about and, an therefore is, adjective.
This flexibility in word class. Membership is a peculiar feature of English among the, European languages many of which would require different endings. To show the class of the word.
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