Highlights the Leaning Tower of Pisa
•. The tower nearly 56 meters high and 4.5 meters, the top end bent
• According to legend, Galileo dropped balls many balls in the invention of the theory of gravity
•. On a hot day On one side of the tower will be hotter than usual and caused the tower incline even more. Construction start
construction of the bell tower began on 9 August 1173 as the city of Pisa is one of Italy's highest state power. Can be spread far and wide realm of trade and colonization, many around the Mediterranean. The city's wealthy merchants and thus together build the Roman name Lankan spin Piazza Dayton Ragoli but architects have failed to Footing unparalleled deflating soft sandy soil. This could be the old water, was buried. The building began leaning to the north. Since building the first few floors Architects must first create columns and arched door on the north side to the south side bigger. Fortunately, the construction was stopped in 1178, while the top four if the work is still ongoing. Pisa leaning tower would fall. But the team did not want to demolish the building because of the surrender. Then construction began again in 1272 the soil beneath the foundations of the tower, the more tightly packed. And the structure is now tilted back to the south. Because ground beef than pervious This architect designed a curved door pillars and stone wall on the south side than the north. When workers at the seven-story building completed in 1278 construction to a halt again. Another worker from the addition of a bell tower. Peak around the year 1360 by building a biased position to the north. Along with building a staircase The look weird, added two more to the south side to counterbalance. The leaning tower The trend continued low Leaning Tower of Pisa at night tower weighs 14,500 tons leaned leaning down over 500 years later, from 1.6 degrees to five degrees at the base, inserted into the soil depth of 3 meters and overshadowed the magnificence of the landscape terrace area. unfortunately in the base year 1838 have to dig around a walkway around the building at ground sinking. The top of the building and down half a meter away. And increase the energy level was 5.5 degrees, almost 100 years later, the 80 tons of concrete into the foundations of Engineers to increase density, stability. But the tower still leans to the south. Italian Foreign strives to protect disaster to happen with the appointment of an expert panel set up to take care of this matter in March 1990 before this has an advisory committee then 16 series, but no progress because the authorities. Related conflict The committee is composed of 17 experts from 14 people worldwide and reported directly to the Prime Minister. Experts agree that the first tower just to adjust to not only overthrow. "The construction team first set of buildings to maximize the movement of soil layer directly below. We would like to keep this concept in mind, "explained one of the directors. Try not to fall for about ten years before John Cumberland expert Professor of Soil Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College in London. Proposed to bar heavy lead weight to 660 tons, the tower on the north side to balance temporarily. "At first we tried to fill bullion lead in computer models. It appears that the towers fall yet, "Berland said. He and his students spent nine months later customized to fit in most computer models. Workers put the rods lead into the Army in July 1993, appear to have stabilized and the Leaning Tower can be pulled back to the north side level. He was accused of destroying the scenery with lead rods tilt down tower problem John Cumberland British experts fear that the tower will collapse. Committee to look for ways notably less clutter. And agreed in 1995 to install a concrete ring around the tower with cables to hold the line. On the other end of the cable buried in the sand pressed deep into the ground 45 meters, but unfortunately during drilling concrete walkway. Engineers accidentally cutting steel pipe, which is connected to the tower. Such actions make the tower leaned to the south rapidly to a record. 15 cm "within a single night. Leaning Tower of Pisa is moving at normal one-year "Berland said. The Committee decided not to approve an increase of about 300 tons of bullion lead gravity is rather inclined to delay the release of all weight dropping back into third and added another in order to stop using the cable, which is closely linked with a serious reverse effect. After exploring several possible ways. Finally, the Commission concluded that the extraction of soil erosion is probably the best way by gradually moving the soil around the base of the lift above. Tons of soil erosion carved out to help adjust to a leaning tower leaned to the south side. Extraction of soil erosion work began in February 1999, "the tower as a surprise to many of us. And has several times near disaster until everyone is stressed, "Berland said. "We see the implementation of all aspects of monitoring closely minute to make sure the tower moved in the direction we expected"
temperatures also resulted in italics. But it is not so First there is the excitement when the Commission has been informed that the tower was leaning urgent fax to the south again unexpectedly. "I imagine that everything would be over already," Berland open between project managers and other stakeholders to report the movement of building carefully at all times. The weather "It appears that during the strong winds blowing from the Alps" Berland explains. "I have not been relieved. I know that every time the temperature drops drastically affect a huge tower. When removing the calm and the temperature rose. The building is leaning to the north again "after sapping final in June 2001, the tower leaned to the side out of the more than 4.5 meters, a reduction of more than half a meter. In 1990, the number of bars showy lead to hypochondria. Steel ring at each swing being kept secret and no one knows when that will be used again. Now tourists have the opportunity to climb up and down this tower again without fear it will flop in the know.
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