In contrast to studies that focus o

In contrast to studies that focus on a specific corporate event, our analysis using the
full sample is conducted in calendar time. Consequently, because accruals reverse over
time and we cannot condition the analysis on events that are hypothesized to provide
managers with incentives to manage reported earnings in any given direction (e.g., inflate
reported earnings) we compute the absolute value of discretionary accruals to proxy for
earnings management and refer to it as ABS_DA throughout the analysis.14 In contrast,
our test of the SUSPECT firms (that is, firms that were just able to meet or beat earnings
benchmarks) is based on a directional test.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

In contrast to Focus on a specific Corporate Studies that event, our Analysis using the
full sample is conducted in calendar time. Consequently, because Accruals Reverse over
time and we Can not condition the Analysis on events that are hypothesized to provide
Managers with Incentives to Manage reported earnings in any Given direction (eg, inflate
reported earnings) we Compute the Absolute Value of discretionary Accruals to proxy for
earnings. Refer to it as ABS_DA Management and throughout the Analysis.14 In contrast,
our Test of the Suspect firms (that is, firms that were just Able to Meet or Beat earnings
benchmarks) is based on a directional Test.