IntroductionCyanobacteria are photo

Introduction
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that
capture sunlight for energy using chlorophyll a and
various accessory pigments. They are common in
lakes, ponds, springs, wetlands, streams, and rivers,
and they play a major role in the nitrogen, carbon, and
oxygen dynamics of many aquatic environments. The
exact timing of appearance of the first cyanobacterialike
microbes on Earth is still unclear because of
controversy over the interpretation of Precambrian
fossils; however, much of their present diversity was
achieved more than 2 billion years ago, and they likely
played a major role in the accumulation of oxygen
in the Earth’s early atmosphere. In addition to their
remarkably long persistence as free-living organisms,
cyanobacteria also form symbiotic associations with
more complex biota; for example, the nitrogen-fixing
species Anabaena (or Nostoc) azollae forms a symbiotic
association with the floating fern Azolla, which
is widely distributed in ponds and flooded soils. The
chloroplasts in plants and algae appear to be originally
derived from an endosymbiosis in which a cyanobacterium
was engulfed and retained within a colorless
eukaryotic cell.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Introduction
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that
Capture Sunlight for Energy using a Chlorophyll and
Accessory Various pigments. They are Common in
Lakes, Ponds, Springs, Wetlands, Streams, and Rivers,
and they Play a Major role in The Nitrogen, carbon, and
many Oxygen Dynamics of Aquatic Environments. The
exact appearance of The Timing of First Cyanobacterialike
microbes on Earth is Still unclear Because of
controversy over The Interpretation of Precambrian
Fossils; however, much of their Present diversity was
achieved more than 2 billion years ago, and they likely
Played a Major role in The accumulation of Oxygen
in The Early Earth's atmosphere. In addition to their
remarkably long Persistence As free-Living organisms,
cyanobacteria also symbiotic Form Associations with
more Complex Biota; for example, The Nitrogen-Fixing
Species Anabaena (Nostoc or) Azollae forms a symbiotic
association with The Floating Fern Azolla, which
is widely Distributed in Ponds and Flooded soils. The
chloroplasts in Plants and algae appear to be Originally
derived from an endosymbiosis in which a cyanobacterium
was engulfed and Retained Within a colorless
eukaryotic Cell.