Nanoelectronics present we are living in a world of digital electronics and computers. Electronic Arts makes us human Creating many more amenities. And it seems that we will not look at any of that civilization spread to humans. We also found a human invention. Electronic components are a part of almost everyone. It can be said that electronics are the basis of modern civilization. In this article Nanotechnology Focuses on the role of nanotechnology is to change the direction. Development of Electronic and Science Which is set to arrive airless. To develop further To say this, Many may I do not feel as much at ease Most computer engineers did not want to accept this fact. The fact that we may not be able to maintain the same statistics. That we can develop a high-speed computer up at a higher rate as Gordon Moore, founder of Intel said. "The number of transistors on integrated circuits containing or microchip will double every 18 months increased," said a name for himself as Moore's Law (Moore's Law), which was accepted. And the pressure on the chip can develop chips. A higher speed quickly. And the newly purchased personal computers are a must for every obsolete. Half the same year But Moore's Law is going to be shaky. Increasing the number of transistors on the chip with the size of the cycle is coming to the limit. In order to understand this situation clearly. We will come to understand the development of the electronics industry's first electronic record of the history of the electronics industry. It began with the invention of the cathode ray tube (Cathode Rays Tube) Sir William Brooks (Sir William Crookes) in 1875, which led to the discovery of X-rays by the Rural Health. Bougainville (Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen) in 1895 and the discovery of the electron by Thomson (Joseph Thomson) in 1897 and then in 1904 Flemming (John Ambrose Fleming). light emitting diode was fabricated for the first time. It is the basis of all electronic devices, and then again two years later, the forest (Lee De Forest), it can be fabricated triode which can control the flow of electrons, the next 13 years is in the year. . Prof. 1919 Schott Music (Walter Schottky) invented the vacuum tube, multi-polarity. He also developed a theory that describes the flow of electrons and holes in electronics Development of the electronics industry, was formed in 1940 after the character vacuum fluorescent display. As electronic control devices in their third decade together by Old John (Russell Shoemake Ohl) found that crystalline silicon can be used to create a device diodes. This led to the invention of the transistor Shore Clean (William Bradford Schockley) Brad T. Farnsworth (Walter H. Brattain) and a Dean (John Bardeen) in 1948, after the semiconductor device. began replacing vacuum tubes Makes various electronic appliances Smaller and much cheaper. However, it was not much satisfaction in the industry. Since the creation of electronic semiconductor devices continue to be heavily connected to an integrated circuit. This is a relatively tricky Thus was born the idea to make devices for the predators that were merged into the circuit on a semiconductor is a single piece, and then in 1959, Ernie (Jean Hoerni) and Noyce (Robert Noyce. ) was able to develop integrated circuits such (Integrated Circuit or IC) has been achieved and only one year of integrated circuits, such that it replaces the semiconductor Separate up to 90% on the same period of the early 1960s. The integrated circuit is not very complicated. The transistor may have about 20-200 per sheet chips, one sheet. And increased to 200-5000 during the current year 1970, we have integrated circuits with millions of transistors ever Figure 1, the complexity of an integrated circuit (image from IBM) to manufacture IC - the role of micro-technology. Although current production of IC chips are more advanced technology in the industry, calling it a high-tech way. Procedures and processes for the production still relies Pattern invented since the days of Ernie and Neuss the chip begins by bringing sand to remove silicon with a high purity level 99.9999999 percent there. that is, one billion atoms. Atoms are so debased by no more than one atom only. By allowing the silicon to crystallize a circular bar with a diameter of 6 to 8 inches and then to slice silicon ingots into thin circular disks. With a thickness of 0.002 inch size, called wafers (wafer), the next step is. The surface of the wafer is in the form of oxides. By brought into contact with hot steam. Such oxides are useful in electrical insulation. As a control, electric field As the blocker doses (dope) in the area of unwanted substances. Due to its ability to prevent the wafers. By interference from the outside of the oxide layer. Wafer is almost useless if all ingredients are coated with oxide , the next step must be to eliminate layers of oxide to be active in the area. This method is called to create a circuit with light. (Photolithography) by bringing the wafer coated with light-sensitive chemicals. Such chemicals are dissolved in a solvent, if exposure to light. Therefore, when a short circuit wafer Partition page. Then beaming onto the scene. In the light shone into wafers by this. Light to change the properties of a chemical coating melt away easily. When the solvent down. It will eliminate a layer of oxide. The area is not being light, it still has an oxide layer is so for Photolithography many times it takes to build a complex circuit in Figure 2, a sheet wafer can produce hundreds of chips. Red square in the picture is the size of the whole circuit to be packed in a chip (picture Fullman Company) on a wafer, a circuit already. The wafer is taken up by unknown tracks to silicon electrical properties change.
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