I love translation Introduction
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble prohormones which were identified after the discovery of the. Anti-rachitic effect of cod liver oil in the early part of the 20th century. The vitamin found in cod liver oil was designated. "D." following Vitamin A B and, C which had, been discov - ered 1 earlier [].The two major biologically inert PRECUR - SORs of vitamin D are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). []. Vitamin, 2 3 D3 is formed when 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet B (UVB 290-320, NM), and. Then converted to previtamin D3. In a, heat-dependent process previtamin D3 is immediately converted to vitamin D.Excess UVB rays transform previtamin D3 into biologically inactive metabolites tachysterol and, lumisterol. Vitamin D2. Is, plant derived produced exogenously by irradiation of ergosterol and enters, the circulation through diet [1].
.Both vitamin D precursors resulting from exposure to the sunshine and the diet are converted to 25-hydroxyvi - Tamin D [25 (OH) D]. (calcidiol) when they enter the liver
[4]. 25 (OH) D is the major circulating form of vitamin D and is used to determine vitamin. D status. In order to be biologically active additional hydroxylation, in the kidneys is needed to form, active 1 25-dihydroxyvitamin. D, [125 (OH) 2D] (calcitriol) []. The 5 process of vitamin D formation is summarized in Figure 1. Humans obtain vitamin D through. Dietary intake and exposure to sun - light. Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Oily
* Correspondence: D.Naughton@kingston.ac.uk
2School. Of Sciences Life, University Kingston, Road Penrhyn, upon Thames Kingston, KT1, London 2EE UK
.Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
fish such as salmon mackerel and sardines are,,, Rich in vitamin D3. Egg yolks are reported to contain vitamin D though the amounts are highly variable. Moreover the cholesterol,, Content of egg yolks makes it a poor source of vitamin D. Also a small, number of foods are fortified with vitamin D such. As, milkOrange juice and some bread and cereals [,]. A 6 7 list of vitamin D content in dif - ferent food sources is shown in Table. 1.
Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining an adequate level of serum calcium and phosphorus. Without vitaminD only10to15%ofdietary,, Calcium and about 60% of phosphorus is absorbed [8-10]. Therefore vitamin D has a great effect in forming and maintaining. Strong bones.It has also recently been found that vitamin D receptors exist in a variety of cells thus it has a biological effect on. More than mineral metabolism. The aim of this report is to review key aspects relating to vitamin D defi - ciency its causes,,, And studies on prevention of and treat - ment of major conditions / diseases. Thus following a, general literature review on. Deficiency and, its causesAn overview of major meta-analyses of Vitamin D supplemen - tation is given. This systematic approach covers meta - analyses. Listed in Pubmed during the past 2 decades.
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