Reasoning tended utilitarianismWhat it meansThe concept of utilitarianism, arise during the 18 century followers – by 19 major philosopher Jeremy Bentham (thaem is Ben, R. 1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873) Dictionary English Thai dictionary-Royal Institute of philosophy is to define the concept of utilitarianism (utilitarianism) That is the verdict on the health benefits of chariyasat decision to equate a failure criterion is evil! That is, actions that are causing the most health benefits, many people considered the most good deeds (of the banthityotthan, 2540 (1997): 101).From the definition it describes whether utilitarianism is one of chariyasat concepts that determine what is the basis used to determine what action should or should not be. By utilitarianism that the criteria used to determine the quantity of happiness as a result of an action, as mill says."The accuracy of an action depends on the trend that the action will cause happiness. Depending on the fault likely cause something against happiness "(SCI-2532 (1989), sotwet (a): 99.)The concept ofThe reason of utilitarianism in the support using the quantity of happiness is a decision criterion is. Comments that humans are naturally happy love hate misery. All men, whether anyone When do surely aimed at finding happiness. Evade distress thus utilitarianism, it concluded that the only thing that is happy with the value for humans.For this reason, it proposed that utilitarianism when we must choose between the two actions. How to select, it is considered that each action leads to what effect. Will cause much happiness. How much distress To deduct and Any action causing the most happy, we should do it.By this happy must not just their own pleasure only, but must be distributed to many people as possible, or otherwise as the overall happiness of all men who have been the result of the action. Considering it is not considered to be an important act of pleasure over other people's happiness. Whether it's the joy of who all have equal priority. Then consider bringing happiness to everyone who received the combination acts as mill written."Happiness, which is used as a standard of utilitarianism that determines which actions are not those of personal happiness, but of everyone involved during the pleasure of the Act with those of others. Utilitarianism claims to those posing as a strict Central by themselves as they see no one sympathize "(SCI-2532 (1989), sotwet (b): am 159.)So happy with the style. There are surely plenty of pleasure is more than happy with the little quantity. Therefore, the correct action or should do is Act that caused the highest pleasure consumption, that is, we should choose the actions that cause pleasure more than any other action or, in the case that we are in a situation where no matter what, it will lead to a total misery. We should select the actions that cause minimal distressIn the calculation of benefits for health, to see the results of an action in the long term prognosis is possible, too. For example, if we have to choose between money, tax-free shopping is in response to our satisfaction or to charity. Utilitarianism, we calculate the happiness will arise from two acts and then compared. If the money was going to charity patients less suffering are broke. Have the opportunity to have a good life in the future? Comparable, and happiness is more than just happy that occurred with the purchase of the curb. We should put money to charity or examples that are seen in the Government's decision whether or not to create a dam. If using utilitarianism, it must calculate the benefit to the health of forest areas that have lost and a lot of people had to be evacuated from that place to eat. When compared with the benefits to be derived from a dam reduced suffering and happiness. Health benefits of the dam is more than the suffering that occurred or not. If more, it should generateThe application ofThe concept of utilitarianism is consistent with the common sense of common people, especially in the economic and social policies of the Government are often used as health benefit calculation method or even the person's decisions. People with morality shall select an action that is not selfish, but regardless of the happiness of others, especially the benefit of most people.However, this concept has received criticism from many aspects, such as a criticism that it is not true that happiness is the only thing that humans seek. Man, some people seek knowledge, virtue, etc. regardless of the happiness. This is also where utilitarianism equate quantity of pleasure as the action decision problem that we actually can be calculated as the quantity or exact measure up? And consider the happiness of the individual, equal is not applicable in some cases, for example, suppose two people are going to drown in the river. One of them is your father. Another one you know is a great doctor who invented the method of many serious diseases treatment. You can't swim and is located on the shore saw the event. If the row does not contain anything that could be thrown, people of both islands in addition to the single lumber, which can weight alone. According to the principle of utilitarianism in this situation, you must select log the people cast a great doctor because when calculating the benefits in the long term. The existence of doctor who entitled the greatest overall benefit to make sure people over the life of his father, but actually you can do that or not.Another idea is to take this criterion in the decision action. Sometimes it leads to evil actions. For example, suppose that in a small village, one of which is the belief in apparitions an ogre. There are dead by unknown people. The locals believe that these people were killed an ogre Ghost has invited do to chase ghosts. The doctor identifies the ghosts in the ghost village as an ogre, and this person must do to chase ghosts, which was to torture or harm the person until they believe that the ghost was an ogre from the village. Those who have been in Korea.
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