abstractIntegrated environmental an

abstract
Integrated environmental and economic assessment studies are required to support tillage reduction
decisions. In this paper, carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emissions from winter wheat-based cropping
systems were evaluated in eastern Washington, USA, using computer simulation. System boundaries
were expanded to consider fertilizer production and use of machinery in a standard life cycle assessment
(LCA) study. Variations in rainfall, tillage intensity and crop rotation were considered. Potential earnings
from carbon credits obtained by converting to reduced and no-till management were evaluated and compared
with the corresponding changes in farm budgets. No-till increased the average soil carbon sequestration
by 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 Mg-C ha1 yr1 (30-year average) in high, middle and low rainfall zones,
respectively. On-farm N2O emissions contributed 60–70% of the total CO2-equivalent emissions (CO2-
e ha1 yr1
) in high and middle rainfall scenarios and 30–40% in low rainfall scenarios. Production of fertilizers
contributed 13 ± 3% of total emissions. Emissions from fuel consumption varied across sites due to
differences in machinery use with different topography, tillage, soils and number of fallow years. Reduced
tillage systems are more profitable in the moderate and high rainfall zones with 2011 crop price and
input cost assumptions but they are less profitable in the drier rainfall zone. Even a more inclusive
accounting with LCA that includes credits for reductions in N2O emissions, fuel usage and fertilizer production
was insufficient to compensate for the lower returns. With the net market price assumption of
2.48 $ CO2e1 ha1 yr1
, the CO2e credits for reducing tillage ranged from 0.27 to 1.63 $ CO2e1 ha1 yr1
across the region.
Publishe

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

abstract
Integrated Environmental and Economic Assessment Studies are required to Reduction Support tillage
decisions. In this Paper, Carbon sequestration and Nitrous oxide emissions from Winter wheat-based CROPPING
Systems were evaluated in Eastern Washington, USA, using Computer Simulation. System boundaries
were expanded to consider Fertilizer Production and use of Life Cycle Assessment Machinery in a standard
(LCA) Study. Variations in rainfall, tillage intensity and crop rotation were considered. Potential earnings
from Carbon credits obtained by Converting to no-till and reduced Management were evaluated and compared
with the corresponding Changes in Farm Budgets. Increased the average no-till soil Carbon sequestration
by 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 Mg-C Ha1 Yr1 (30-year average) in High, MIDDLE low rainfall and Zones,
respectively. Farm-N2O emissions contributed on 60-70% of the total CO2-emissions Equivalent (CO2-
Ha1 Yr1 E
) and in High MIDDLE rainfall scenarios and 30-40% in low rainfall scenarios. Production of Fertilizers
contributed 13 ± 3% of total emissions. Emissions from fuel consumption varied Across sites Due to
differences in Machinery use with different topography, tillage, soils and Number of fallow years. Reduced
tillage Systems are more profitable in the High and moderate rainfall Zones with 2011 Crop Price and
input cost assumptions but they are profitable in the Drier Less rainfall Zone. Even a more inclusive
accounting with LCA that includes credits for reductions in N2O emissions, fuel usage and Fertilizer Production
was insufficient to compensate for the Lower Returns. With the assumption .NET Market Price of
$ 2.48 CO2e1 Ha1 Yr1
, the CO2e credits for reducing tillage ranged from 0.27 to 1.63 $ CO2e1 Ha1 Yr1
Across the Region.
Publishe.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Abstract.Integrated environmental and economic assessment studies are required to support tillage reduction.Decisions. In this paper carbon sequestration, and nitrous oxide emissions from winter wheat - based cropping.Systems were evaluated in, Eastern Washington USA using computer, simulation. System boundaries.Were expanded to consider fertilizer production and use of machinery in a standard life cycle assessment.(LCA) study. Variations in rainfall tillage intensity, and crop rotation were considered. Potential earnings.From carbon credits obtained by converting to reduced and no-till management were evaluated and compared.With the corresponding changes in farm budgets. No-till increased the average soil carbon sequestration.By, 0.5 0.3 0.2 Mg-C, HA1 YR1 (30-year average), in high middle and low, rainfall zonesRespectively. On-farm N2O emissions contributed 60 - 70% of the total CO2-equivalent emissions (CO2 -.E HA1 YR1.) in high and middle rainfall scenarios and 30 - 40% in low rainfall scenarios. Production of fertilizers.Contributed 13 edge 3% of total emissions. Emissions from fuel consumption varied across sites due to.Differences in machinery use with, different topography Tillage Soils and, number of fallow years. Reduced.Tillage systems are more profitable in the moderate and high rainfall zones with 2011 crop price and.Input cost assumptions but they are less profitable in the drier rainfall zone. Even a more inclusive.Accounting with LCA that includes credits for reductions in, N2O emissions fuel usage and fertilizer production.Was insufficient to compensate for the lower returns. With the net market price assumption of.2.48 $CO2e1 HA1 YR1.The CO2e, credits for reducing tillage ranged from 0.27 to 1.63 $CO2e1 HA1 YR1.Across the region.Publishe.