I love to translate Agricultural by-product stream is an abundant and promising feedstock for industrial production of energy and materials since it pursues two major goals: environment protection and economic profit. Grape is one of the world's largest fruit crops (after orange). In. France, about 700 000 tons of natural dry grape by-product, commonly called pomace, were produced in 2009 by the wine industries. After ethanol, seed and anthocyans recovery in the distilleries, the residue mainly consists in grape skins and is often used for. animal feed or soil fertilizer. Because of a low extraction during winemaking, pomace retains high levels of condensed tannins mainly proanthocyanidins composed by procyanidin and prodelphinidin units that are linked together by a C4-C8 bond in grapes (Fig. 1). Thus, this. by-product is not intrinsically hazardous but its high polyphenols content and also the fact that its production is concentrated in a short period of the year poses potentially pollution problems when it is used as soil fertilizer (Morthup et al., 1998). Since the. first observations of the "French paradox" (Renaud and De Lorgeril, 1992), many recent studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of grape or wine polyphenols for human health (Shrikhande, 2000). As a consequence, considerable efforts have been devoted to optimizing. the extraction of high purity phenolic compounds from winery by-products for food additive applications (Monagas et al., 2006) but also for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Ozkanet al., 2004; Torres et al., 2002). The techniques generally employed. Used Organic solvents (MeOH, EtOAc) (Guerrero et AL., 2,008; Negro et AL., 2003rd; Ruberto et AL., two thousand and seven; Spigno and De Faveri, two thousand and seven; Pinelo et AL., 2005; Makris et AL., 2007th. ; Monrad et AL., in 2010) or supercritical CO2 (Pinelo et AL., 2007; Vatai et AL., 2008) for The Isolation of Low yield / High Purity Extract fractions which were mainly studied As natural antioxidants.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
