AbstractBackground: It is well know

Abstract
Background: It is well known that many anurans do not reproduce easily in captivity. Some methods are based on
administration of mammalian hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, which are not effective in many
frogs. There is a need for simple, cost-effective alternative techniques to induce spawning.
Methods: Our new method is based on the injection of a combination of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
agonist and a dopamine antagonist. We have named this formulation AMPHIPLEX, which is derived from the
combination of the words amphibian and amplexus. This name refers to the specific reproductive behavior of frogs
when the male mounts and clasps the female to induce ovulation and to fertilize the eggs as they are laid.
Results: We describe the use of the method and demonstrate its applicability for captive breeding in 3 different anuran
families. We tested several combinations of GnRH agonists with dopamine antagonists using Lithobates pipiens. The
combination of des-Gly10, D-Ala6, Pro-LHRH (0.4 microrams/g body weight) and metoclopramide (10 micrograms/g
BWt. MET) was most effective. It was used in-season, after short-term captivity and in frogs artificially hibernated under
laboratory conditions. The AMPHIPLEX method was also effective in 3 Argentinian frogs, Ceratophrys ornata,
Ceratophrys cranwelli and Odontophrynus americanus.
Conclusion: Our approach offers some advantages over other hormonally-based techniques. Both sexes are injected
only once and at the same time, reducing handling stress. AMPHIPLEX is a new reproductive management tool for
captive breeding in Anura.
number of eggs per. toad, and 2) a greater survival of fertilized
eggs to swim-up stage. The number of eggs from
females receiving two primings was similar to the number
of eggs from B. baxteri in nature indicating that egg production
is not dependent on hibernation. However, considering
the low fertilization rates in our study, we cannot
make a similar statement for egg quality. It may be that hibernation plays an important role in the B. baxteri for
final oocyte development and our current protocols
rushed the recruitment of a large cohort of eggs. Therefore,
the development of methods to increase fertilization and
embryo survival rates by producing a greater number of
mature follicles before ovulation should be prioritized in
the development of reproduction technologies for B. baxteri

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Abstract
Background: It is well Known that many do not reproduce easily in captivity anurans. Some methods are based on
Administration of mammalian chorionic gonadotropin hormones such as Human, which are not effective in many
Frogs. There is a Need for Simple, cost-effective Alternative Techniques to induce spawning.
Methods: Our method is based on the New Injection of a combination of a gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
agonist and a dopamine antagonist. Named we have AMPHIPLEX this formulation, which is derived from the
combination of the Words amphibian and Amplexus. This name refers to the specific Reproductive behavior of Frogs
when the male mounts and clasps the female to induce ovulation and to fertilize the Eggs as they are laid.
Results: We describe the use of the method and demonstrate its applicability for captive Breeding in 3 different. Anuran
Families. We tested several combinations of GnRH agonists with dopamine antagonists using Lithobates pipiens. The
combination of des-Gly10, D-Ala6, Pro-LHRH (0.4 Microrams / G Body weight) and metoclopramide (10 micrograms / G
BWT. MET) Most effective was. It was used in-Season, after short-term captivity and in Frogs artificially hibernated under
conditions Laboratory. AMPHIPLEX the method was also effective in 3 Argentinian Frogs, Ceratophrys ornata,
Ceratophrys Cranwelli and Odontophrynus americanus.
Conclusion: Our approach offers advantages over Some Other hormonally-based Techniques. Both sexes are injected
only once and at the Same time, reducing stress Handling. AMPHIPLEX is a New Reproductive Management Tool for
captive Breeding in Anura.
Number of Eggs per. toad, and 2) a Greater Survival of fertilized
Eggs Swim-up to Stage. Number of Eggs from the
Two females receiving Primings was similar to the Number
of Eggs from B. baxteri in nature Egg Production Indicating that
is not dependent on hibernation. However, considering
the low fertilization Rates in our Study, we Can not
Make a similar statement for Egg quality. It plays an important role hibernation May be that in the B. baxteri for
Final oocyte Development and our current protocols
rushed the Recruitment of a Large cohort of Eggs. Therefore,
the Development of methods to increase fertilization and
embryo Survival Rates by producing a Greater Number of
mature follicles before ovulation should be prioritized in
the Development of Technologies for B. Reproduction baxteri.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Abstract
Background: It is well known that many anurans do not reproduce easily in captivity. Some methods are based on
administration. Of mammalian hormones such as human, chorionic gonadotropin which are not effective in many
frogs. There is a need, for simple. Cost-effective alternative techniques to induce spawning.
Methods:Our new method is based on the injection of a combination of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
agonist and a dopamine. Antagonist. We have named this formulation AMPHIPLEX which is, derived from the
combination of the words amphibian and, amplexus. This name refers to the specific reproductive behavior of frogs
.When the male mounts and clasps the female to induce ovulation and to fertilize the eggs as they are laid.
Results: We. Describe the use of the method and demonstrate its applicability for captive breeding in 3 different anuran
families. We. Tested several combinations of GnRH agonists with dopamine antagonists using Lithobates pipiens. The
combination, of des-Gly10. D-Ala6, the Pro-LHRH (0.4 microrams / g body weight) and metoclopramide (10 micrograms / G
BWt. MET) was most effective. It was, used in-season after. Short-term captivity and in frogs artificially hibernated under
laboratory conditions. The AMPHIPLEX method was also effective. In 3, Argentinian frogs Ceratophrys ornata
Ceratophrys, cranwelli and Odontophrynus americanus.
Conclusion:Our approach offers some advantages over other hormonally-based techniques. Both sexes are injected
only once and at the. Same time reducing handling, stress. AMPHIPLEX is a new reproductive management tool for
captive breeding in Anura.
number. Of eggs per. Toad and 2), a greater survival of fertilized
eggs to swim-up stage. The number of eggs from
.Females receiving two primings was similar to the number
of eggs from B. Baxteri in nature indicating that egg production
is. Not dependent on hibernation. However considering
the, low fertilization rates in, our study we cannot
make a similar statement. For egg quality. It may be that hibernation plays an important role in the B. Baxteri for
final oocyte development and our. Current protocols
.Rushed the recruitment of a large cohort of eggs. Therefore
the, development of methods to increase fertilization and
embryo. Survival rates by producing a greater number of
mature follicles before ovulation should be prioritized in
the development. Of reproduction technologies for B. Baxteri.