The impact of globalization on FACB

The impact of globalization on FACB rights is a controversial and widely
debated topic in the existing international political economy literature. On
the one hand, supporters of globalization argue that growing interdependence
among nation states improves the FACB rights of workers in peripheral
countries. On the other hand, skeptics of globalization contend that it
leads to a race to the bottom, with developing countries’ governments lowering
FACB rights to remain competitive and attract trade and investment.
If this is the case, it jeopardizes the rewards associated with the global integration
process. To date, studies dealing with this topic have used only single
variables, such as trade or FDI, as proxies for the entire process of
globalization. Likewise, previous studies on FACB rights have used indicators
that capture only a single dimension of FACB rights. In this study, however,
I make use of two comprehensive indices measuring globalization and
FACB rights; namely Dreher’s (2006) KOF globalization index, which measures
globalization based on economic, social, and political dimensions,
and Mosley’s (2011) FACB rights index measuring 37 aspects of both practices
and laws covering FACB rights. To the best of my knowledge, this
empirical study is the first to look beyond single measures. Furthermore, I
and other scholars have argued that undue attention is given to the economic
aspects of globalization, grossly ignoring its political and social
aspects and their consequences.
Using the KOF index of globalization and its disaggregate components
along with the new FACB rights data set, I find positive effects of aggregate
globalization and social globalization on aggregate FACB rights as well as on
laws and practices of FACB rights in a sample of 142 developing countries
over the 1985 to 2002 period. The positive effect of economic globalization
is sensitive to the estimation technique used, while political globalization
remains statistically insignificant. These results remain robust after controlling
for potential feedback effects from FACB rights to globalization using
an SGMM method of estimation. When controlling for endogeneity, aggregate
globalization as well as economic and social globalization appear to
affect FACB rights (both laws and practices).
Overall, my results confirm two important things. First, globalization
needs to be considered as not just a single component (such as FDI or trade)
but rather as a multifaceted concept that includes social and political dimensions.
Second, my results do not fully support the claims that economic globalization
has positive effects on FACB rights, as this result is sensitive to
estimation technique used. Although generally disregarded in the existing
literature, social globalization appears to have a strong positive influence on
FACB rights. While economic globalization reflects primarily the flow of
Rewards of (Dis)Integratio n 25
goods and services, social globalization connects people and promotes the
spread of ideas, norms, and civil actions worldwide. Social globalization
plays a greater role in influencing both laws and enforcement of laws
intended to protect FACB rights. Unfortunately, the FACB rights data used
is only available for 142 developing countries (ignoring OECD countries,
for example) and does not exist beyond 2002. Future research might be
improved through the inclusion of OECD countries with updated data in
order to test whether similar results can be found for both developed and
developing countries.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Impact of globalization on the FACB rights is a controversial and widely
debated Topic International Political Economy in the existing literature. On
the one Hand, supporters of globalization argue that Growing interdependence
among Nation States improves the FACB rights of Workers in Peripheral
Countries. On the Other Hand, skeptics of globalization contend that it
Leads to a Race to the bottom, with developing Countries' governments lowering
FACB rights to remain competitive and Attract Trade and Investment.
If this is the Case, it jeopardizes the rewards associated with the Global. integration
Process. To date, Dealing with this Topic Studies have only used single
variables, such As Trade or FDI, As proxies for the entire Process of
globalization. Likewise, FACB rights on previous Studies have used indicators
that only a single Capture Dimension of FACB rights. In this Study, however,
I Make use of indices Two Comprehensive Measuring globalization and
FACB rights; namely Dreher's (the 2,006th) KOF globalization index, which measures
globalization based on Economic, social, and Political dimensions,
and Mosley's (2,011th) index Measuring 37 FACB rights aspects of both Practices
and Laws covering FACB rights. To the Best of My Knowledge, this
is the empirical First Study to Look Beyond single measures. Furthermore, I
and Other Scholars have argued that undue Attention is given to the Economic
aspects of globalization, grossly ignoring ITS Political and social
aspects and their Consequences.
Using the KOF index of globalization and ITS disaggregate Components
Along with the New FACB rights Data SET,. I Find positive effects of AGGREGATE
globalization and social globalization on AGGREGATE As well As FACB rights on
Laws and Practices of FACB rights in a sample of 142 developing Countries
to the 2,002th 1,985 over the period. The positive Effect of Economic globalization
is sensitive to the estimation Technique used, while Political globalization
remains statistically insignificant. Robust these results remain after controlling
for potential effects Feedback from FACB rights to globalization using
an SGMM method of estimation. When controlling for endogeneity, AGGREGATE
Economic and social globalization As globalization As well appear to
affect FACB rights (both Laws and Practices).
Overall, results Confirm My Things Two important. First, globalization
Needs to be considered As not just a single Component (such As FDI or Trade)
but rather As a multifaceted Concept that includes social and Political dimensions.
Second, My results do not fully Support the Claims that Economic globalization
has positive effects on. FACB rights, Result As this is sensitive to
estimation Technique used. Although generally Disregarded in the existing
literature, social globalization appears to have a strong positive influence on
FACB rights. Economic globalization While Reflects primarily the Flow of
Rewards of (Dis) integratio n 25
Goods and Services, social globalization connects people and promotes the
spread of Ideas, Norms, and Civil Actions Worldwide. Social globalization
plays a role in influencing both Greater Enforcement of Laws and Laws
intended to Protect FACB rights. Unfortunately, the FACB rights Data used
is only 142 Available for developing Countries (ignoring OECD Countries,
for example) does not exist and Future Research Beyond 2002. Might be
improved Through the inclusion of OECD Countries with Updated Data in
Order to Test whether Similar results. Can be Found for both developed and
developing Countries.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

The impact of globalization on FACB rights is a controversial and widely
debated topic in the existing international political. Economy literature. On
the one hand supporters of, globalization argue that growing interdependence
among nation states. Improves the FACB rights of workers in peripheral
countries. On the other hand skeptics of, globalization contend that it
leads. To a race to, the bottomWith developing countries' governments lowering
FACB rights to remain competitive and attract trade and investment.
If. This is, the case it jeopardizes the rewards associated with the global integration
process. To date studies dealing, with. This topic have used only single
variables such as, trade or FDI as proxies, for the entire process of
, Likewise globalization.Previous studies on FACB rights have used indicators
that capture only a single dimension of FACB rights. In, this study. However
I, make use of two comprehensive indices measuring globalization and
FACB rights; namely Dreher 's (2006) KOF globalization. Index which, measures
globalization based on economic social and political,,, dimensions
.And Mosley 's (2011) FACB rights index measuring 37 aspects of both practices
and laws covering FACB rights. To the best. Of, my knowledge this
empirical study is the first to look beyond single measures. Furthermore I
and, other scholars have. Argued that undue attention is given to the economic
aspects, of globalization grossly ignoring its political and social
aspects. And their consequences.
.Using the KOF index of globalization and its disaggregate components
along with the new FACB rights, data set I find positive. Effects of aggregate
globalization and social globalization on aggregate FACB rights as well as on
laws and practices of. FACB rights in a sample of 142 developing countries
over the 1985 to 2002 period. The positive effect of economic globalization
.Is sensitive to the estimation, technique used while political globalization
remains statistically insignificant. These. Results remain robust after controlling
for potential feedback effects from FACB rights to globalization using
an SGMM method. Of estimation. When controlling, for endogeneity aggregate
globalization as well as economic and social globalization appear. To
.Affect FACB rights (both laws and practices).
Overall my results, confirm two important things. First globalization
needs,, To be considered as not just a single component (such as FDI or trade)
but rather as a multifaceted concept that includes. Social and political dimensions.
Second my results, do not fully support the claims that economic globalization
has positive. Effects on, FACB rightsAs this result is sensitive to
estimation technique used. Although generally disregarded in the existing
literature social,, Globalization appears to have a strong positive influence on
FACB rights. While economic globalization reflects primarily. The flow of
Rewards of (Dis) Integratio n 25
goods and services social globalization, connects people and promotes the
spread. Of ideas norms,,And civil actions worldwide. Social globalization
plays a greater role in influencing both laws and enforcement of laws
intended. To protect FACB rights. Unfortunately the FACB, rights data used
is only available for 142 developing countries (ignoring. OECD countries
for, example) and does not exist beyond 2002. Future research might be
.Improved through the inclusion of OECD countries with updated data in
order to test whether similar results can be found. For both developed and
developing countries.