AbstractBackgroundConstruction of e

Abstract
Background
Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the ‘label-free’ detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent electrochemical signal, which limits the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible manner.
Results
We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, impedance analysis showed that the ‘standardized’ electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.
Conclusion
Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for the reproducible, selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.
Keywords:
Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside; Lectin; Electrochemistry; EIS; Standardization
Background
Sugars distributed on the surface of mammalian cells are key informational molecules for cell-cell recognition and adhesion through the interaction with lectins (sugar recognition proteins). Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions may boost the advancement of the glycomics. However, conventional approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on immunofluorescence techniques, which are time-consuming and expensive. As a result, a number of ‘label-free’ methods for the quick and economic detection of lectins have been developed [1]-[5].
Among the various methods introduced, electrochemistry, because of its ease in manipulation and good sensitivity, has been widely employed for lectin analyses [3],[5],[6]. In addition, electrochemical techniques generally do not require heavy facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive ability of an interfacial species, which has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development of label-free sensors. EIS sensors for lectins, based on the gold-alkenethiol self-assembly technique, have provided promising means for the concise, label-free detection of lectins and live cells that express a glyco-receptor [7]-[15].
Nevertheless, while the use of gold as working electrode may increase the detection cost, the standardization of electrodes remains difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal ‘reporter’. To address these issues, we report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously serve as a ‘binder’ for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize the sensor fabrication. By using voltammetry, the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be easily quantified, thereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection. Subsequently, EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin, suggesting the promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Abstract
Background
Construction of Electrochemical Impedance Sensors by The Self-Assembly Technique has Become a Promising strategy for The 'LABEL-free' Detection of protein-ligand Interactions. However, Previous Impedance Sensors are devoid of an inherent Electrochemical Signal, which limits The Standardization of The Sensors for protein Recognition in a reproducible Manner.
Results
We Designed and synthesized an Anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) Where The anthraquinone (AQ) moiety Can Bind to The. surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, Impedance analysis showed that The 'standardized' electrodes Gave a reproducible Electrochemical Response to a Selective lectin with no Signal variation in The Presence of Unselective Proteins.
Conclusion
Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be Used to facilitate The Standardization of Electrochemical Impedance Sensors for The reproducible. , Selective analysis of ligand-protein Interactions.
Keywords:
Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside; Lectin; Electrochemistry; EIS; Standardization
Background
The surface of mammalian cells on Distributed Sugars are Key Informational and adhesion molecules for Cell-Cell Recognition Through The Interaction with lectins (Sugar Recognition Proteins). Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions may boost the advancement of the glycomics. However, conventional approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on immunofluorescence techniques, which are time-consuming and expensive. As a Result, a number of 'LABEL-free' methods for The Quick and Economic Detection of lectins Have been developed [1] - [5].
Among The Various methods introduced, Electrochemistry, Because of ITS Ease in manipulation and good sensitivity,. has been widely employed for lectin analyses [3], [5], [6]. In addition, electrochemical techniques generally do not require heavy facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive ability of an interfacial species, which has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development of label-free sensors. EIS Sensors for lectins, based on The Gold-Alkenethiol Self-Assembly Technique, Have Provided Promising means for The concise, LABEL-free Detection of lectins and Live cells that Express a Glyco-receptor [7] - [15].
Nevertheless, while. the use of gold as working electrode may increase the detection cost, the standardization of electrodes remains difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal 'reporter'. To address these issues, we report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously serve as a 'binder' for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize the sensor. fabrication. By using voltammetry, the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be easily quantified, thereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection. Subsequently, EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin, suggesting the promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Abstract

Construction Background of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising. Strategy for the 'label-free' detection of protein-ligand interactions. However previous impedance, sensors are devoid of. An inherent electrochemical signal which limits, the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible. Results manner.

.We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface. Of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric. Signal of AQ the glycosides, decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified. Signal window.Subsequently impedance analysis, showed that the 'standardized' electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response. To a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.

, Conclusion Anthraquinone-modified Ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for, the reproducibleSelective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.

Keywords Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside; Lectin; Electrochemistry;? EIS; Standardization

Sugars Background distributed on the surface of mammalian cells are key informational molecules for. Cell-cell recognition and adhesion through the interaction with lectins (sugar recognition proteins).Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions may boost the advancement of the glycomics. However conventional,, Approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on, immunofluorescence techniques which are time-consuming and. Expensive. As, a result a number of 'label-free' methods for the quick and economic detection of lectins have been developed. [] []. 1 5
.Among the various, methods introduced electrochemistry because of, its ease in manipulation and good sensitivity has been,, Widely employed for lectin 3 analyses [], [], []. 5 6 In addition electrochemical techniques, generally do not require heavy. Facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive ability. Of an, interfacial speciesWhich has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development of label-free sensors. EIS sensors. For lectins based on, the gold-alkenethiol self-assembly technique have provided, promising means for, the concise label-free. Detection of lectins and live cells that express a glyco-receptor [7] - [], 15.
NeverthelessWhile the use of gold as working electrode may increase the detection cost the standardization, of electrodes remains. Difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal 'reporter To address, these issues'.We report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously. Serve as a 'binder' for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize. The sensor fabrication. By, using voltammetry the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be, easily quantifiedThereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection, Subsequently,. EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective. Lectin suggesting the, promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.
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