The Research Process in the Learning Environment of the Control and Experimental Groups
The blended online course of the experimental group was conducted using continuity between 2 hours per week in the classroom and 1 hour per week of WhatsApp learning activities. The WhatsApp messenger is used an hour per week to discuss content taught in-class. The control group participated in 2 hours per week of in-class learning and an additional hour of face-to-face learning activities. Both groups participated in 2 hours of coursework and 1 hour of learning activities to discuss course content that was covered face-to-face in the classroom. The difference between the 2 groups is that the experimental group’s learning activities were mediated by the WhatsApp tool. The group participated in the same number of course and activity hours. The experimental group was created by the administrator in the WhatsApp messenger, and experimental students were invited to participate in the mobile lecture for an hour every week. All conversations in the experimental group took place in the presence of the administrator, who was the course instructor. The students were required to respect all rules as well as the set start and end times of the mobile lecture.
Figure 2 shows the experimental devices of the experimental and control groups.