CIBA e-publication No.29; January 2

CIBA e-publication No.29; January 2016
Managing Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), microsporidial infections in vannamei shrimp farming: An Advisory
The Indian aquaculture production has considerably improved during the last five years, especially after the introduction of the exotic Pacific white shrimp. Availability of imported specific pathogen free (SPF) broodstock provided the much needed growth rate to India’s brackishwater aquaculture sector. However, the intensification of vannamei farming has exacerbated the epizootics and disease issues are becoming a major constraint affecting productions and profitability. Among the listed viruses of the farmed crustaceans, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal hemotopoetic necrosis virus (IHHNV) have been frequently reported from Indian subcontinent and, both these pathogens can be considered as endemic in India. Other viral pathogens such as infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus (YHV) which have been responsible for causing losses to aquaculture in the Americas and the Southeast Asian countries have so far not been scientifically confirmed from India. During the last couple of years, a number of disease syndromes such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white faeces syndrome (WFS)/ white gut syndrome and growth retardation have been negatively impacting shrimp aquaculture in India. In the Southeast Asian countries, emergence of a new microsporidian parasite “Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)” has been reported since 2009. Studies conducted at CIBA during the last one year also indicated widespread occurrence of EHP in Indian shrimp farming systems. Considering its reported association with growth retardation resulting in reduced farm productivity, this advisory has been brought out for the benefit of shrimp farming community to prevent production losses
Enterocytozoon cytopenaei (EHP) belongs to a group of microbes called microsporidia classified as fungus, and was first reported in tiger shrimp in 2009 in Thailand. There are no specific signs and symptoms in shrimp due to EHP infection. However, EHP has been reported to be associated with growth retardation and white faeces syndrome (WFS) in shrimp (needs to be proved). The target organ of EHP is hepatopancreas and affects its digestive and absorptive functioning resulting in poor growth and immunity. EHP can be detected microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction technique. There is no drug for the control of EHP infection in shrimp. SPF broodstock, live feed such as polychaete worms, clams, oysters, Artemia and other inputs have to be screened and ensured free from EHP. The EHP spores in fecal pellets or dried cadavers can remain viable up to six months and retain infectivity for over a year under aqueous conditions. Application of lime and maintaining the soil pH to 12 has been suggested for the disinfection of ponds. Better management practices (BMPs) and proper biosecurity is the only way to keep this parasite away from the aquaculture ecosystem.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

CIBA e-publication No.29; January 2016
Managing Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei (EHP), Microsporidial infections in vannamei shrimp Farming: An Advisory
The Indian Aquaculture Production has considerably improved during the last Five years, especially after the Introduction of the Pacific White shrimp Exotic. Availability of imported specific pathogen free (SPF) broodstock provided the much needed growth rate to India's brackishwater aquaculture sector. However, the intensification of vannamei farming has exacerbated the epizootics and disease issues are becoming a major constraint affecting productions and profitability. Among the listed viruses of the farmed crustaceans, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal hemotopoetic necrosis virus (IHHNV) have been frequently reported from Indian subcontinent and, both these pathogens can be considered as endemic in India. Other viral pathogens such as infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus (YHV) which have been responsible for causing losses to aquaculture in the Americas and the Southeast Asian countries have so far not been scientifically confirmed from. India. During the last couple of years, a number of disease syndromes such as running mortality syndrome (RMS), white faeces syndrome (WFS) / white gut syndrome and growth retardation have been negatively impacting shrimp aquaculture in India. In the Southeast Asian countries, emergence of a new microsporidian parasite "Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)" has been reported since 2009. Studies conducted at CIBA during the last one year also indicated widespread occurrence of EHP in Indian shrimp farming systems. Considering ITS reported association with growth retardation resulting in reduced Farm Productivity, this Advisory has been brought out for the Benefit of shrimp Farming Community to Prevent Production losses
Enterocytozoon Cytopenaei (EHP) belongs to a Group of microbes Called microsporidia classified as Fungus, and was First. reported in tiger shrimp in 2009 in Thailand. There are no specific signs and symptoms in shrimp due to EHP infection. However, EHP has been reported to be associated with growth retardation and white faeces syndrome (WFS) in shrimp (needs to be proved). The target organ of EHP is hepatopancreas and affects its digestive and absorptive functioning resulting in poor growth and immunity. EHP can be detected microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction technique. There is no drug for the control of EHP infection in shrimp. SPF broodstock, live feed such as polychaete worms, clams, oysters, Artemia and other inputs have to be screened and ensured free from EHP. The EHP spores in fecal pellets or dried cadavers can remain viable up to six months and retain infectivity for over a year under aqueous conditions. Application of lime and maintaining the soil pH to 12 has been suggested for the disinfection of ponds. Better management practices (BMPs) and proper biosecurity is the only way to keep this parasite away from the aquaculture ecosystem.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

CIBA e-publication No.29; January 2016.Managing Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), microsporidial infections in vannamei shrimp farming: An Advisory.The Indian aquaculture production has considerably improved during the last, five years especially after the introduction. Of the exotic Pacific white shrimp. Availability of imported specific pathogen free (SPF) broodstock provided the much needed. Growth rate to India "s BRACKISHWATER aquaculture sector. However the intensification, of vannamei farming has exacerbated. The epizootics and disease issues are becoming a major constraint affecting productions and profitability. Among the listed. Viruses of the farmed crustaceans the white, spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal hemotopoetic necrosis. Virus (IHHNV) have been frequently reported from Indian subcontinent and both these, pathogens can be considered as endemic. In India. Other viral pathogens such as infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus. (YHV) which have been responsible for causing losses to aquaculture in the Americas and the Southeast Asian countries have. So far not been scientifically confirmed from India. During the last couple of years a number, of disease syndromes such. As running mortality syndrome (RMS), white faeces syndrome (WFS) / white gut syndrome and growth retardation have been negatively. Impacting shrimp aquaculture in India. In the Southeast, Asian countries emergence of a new microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon. " Hepatopenaei (EHP). "Has been reported since 2009. Studies conducted at CIBA during the last one year also indicated widespread. Occurrence of EHP in Indian shrimp farming systems. Considering its reported association with growth retardation resulting. In reduced, farm productivity this advisory has been brought out for the benefit of shrimp farming community to prevent. Production losses.Enterocytozoon cytopenaei (EHP) belongs to a group of microbes called microsporidia classified, as fungus and was first. Reported in tiger shrimp in 2009 in Thailand. There are no specific signs and symptoms in shrimp due to EHP infection, However,. EHP has been reported to be associated with growth retardation and white faeces syndrome (WFS) in shrimp (needs to be proved).? The target organ of EHP is hepatopancreas and affects its digestive and absorptive functioning resulting in poor growth. And immunity. EHP can be detected microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction technique. There is no drug for the control. Of EHP infection in shrimp. SPF broodstock live feed, such as polychaete worms clams oysters,,, and Artemia other inputs. Have to be screened and ensured free from EHP. The EHP spores in fecal pellets or dried cadavers can remain viable up to. Six months and retain infectivity for over a year under aqueous conditions. Application of lime and maintaining the soil. PH to 12 has been suggested for the disinfection of ponds. Better management practices (BMPs) and proper biosecurity is. The only way to keep this parasite away from the aquaculture ecosystem.