ขอบคุณที่a b s t r a c tDiscounting

ขอบคุณที่a b s t r a c t

Discounting future costs and health benefits usually has a large effect on results of cost-effectiveness evaluations of vaccination because of delays between the initial expenditure in the programme and the health benefits from averting disease. Most guidelines currently recommend discounting both costs and health effects at a positive, constant, common rate back to a common point in time. A review of 84 published economic evaluations of vaccines found that most of them apply these recommendations. However,
both technical and normative arguments have been presented for discounting health at a different rate to consumption (differential discounting), discounting at a rate that changes over time (non-constant
discounting), discounting intra-generational and inter-generational effects at a different rate (two-stage discounting), and discounting the health gains from an intervention to a different discount year from
the time of intervention (delayed discounting). These considerations are particularly acute for vaccines, because their effects can occur in a different generation from the one paying for them, and because
the time of vaccination, of infection aversion, and of disease aversion usually differ. Using differential, two-stage or delayed discounting in model-based cost-effectiveness evaluations of vaccination raises
technical challenges, but mechanisms have been proposed to overcome them.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Thanks to the abstract discounting Future costs and Health Bene fi TS usually has a Large Effect on results of cost-effectiveness evaluations of Vaccination because of delays between the Initial expenditure in the program and the Health Bene fi TS from averting disease. Most guidelines currently recommend discounting both costs and Health. effects at a positive, Constant, common rate Back to a common Point in time. A review of 84 Published Economic evaluations of Vaccines Found that Most of them apply these Recommendations. However, both Technical and normative arguments have been Presented for discounting Health at a. different rate to consumption (differential discounting), discounting at a rate that changes over time (non-Constant discounting), discounting intra-generational and Inter-generational effects at a different rate (Two-Stage discounting), and discounting the Health gains from. an intervention to a different Discount year from the time of intervention (delayed discounting). These considerations are particularly acute for Vaccines, because their effects Can occur in a different Generation from the one Paying for them, and because the time of Vaccination, of infection. aversion, and aversion of disease usually differ. Using differential, Two-Stage Model-based or delayed discounting in cost-effectiveness evaluations of Vaccination raises Technical challenges, but have been Proposed Mechanisms to overcome them.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Thank you for a b s t r a C T

Discounting future costs and health bene fi TS usually has a large effect on results of cost-effectiveness. Evaluations of vaccination because of delays between the initial expenditure in the programme and the health bene fi ts from. Averting disease. Most guidelines currently recommend discounting both costs and health effects at a positive constant,,Common rate back to a common point in time. A review of 84 published economic evaluations of vaccines found that most of. Them apply these recommendations. However
both, technical and normative arguments have been presented for discounting health. At a different rate to consumption (differential discounting), discounting at a rate that changes over time (non-constant
discounting),Discounting intra-generational and inter-generational effects at a different rate (two-stage discounting), and discounting. The health gains from an intervention to a different discount year from
the time of intervention (delayed discounting).? These considerations are particularly acute for vaccines because their, effects can occur in a different generation from. The one paying, for themAnd because
the time, of vaccination of infection aversion and of, disease aversion usually differ. Using, differential. Two-stage or delayed discounting in model-based cost-effectiveness evaluations of vaccination raises
technical, challenges. But mechanisms have been proposed to overcome them.

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