BackgroundProlonged sitting at sub-

Background
Prolonged sitting at sub-optimal workstations is associated
with musculoskeletal dysfunction [1-5]. The
musculoskeletal dysfunction presents as pain or muscle
tension of the cervical, shoulder, and lumbar regions. A
range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are
associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms. Nonmodifiable
risk factors are genetic predisposition, structural
spinal deformities or disorders and female gender.
The modifiable factors include body alignment
(posture), nature and duration of the tasks and job demands
as well as physical features of the work [5,6]. Commitment
from supervisors and employees is essential
to modify these risk factors; so is capital investment
to improve the ergonomic design of workstations in an
attempt to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal
symptoms.
Workstation modifications frequently address the work
surface and chair [5,7-10]. Since the chair has a direct
influence on body alignment (posture), individuals suffering
from musculoskeletal symptoms related to prolonged
sitting are often advised to alter the chair of their
workstations [5,7-10]. Changing the chair is also the most
pragmatic action because altering the work surface may
be limited by physical space constraints and an adjustable
work surface is not always economically viable.
Therefore modifying the workstation’s chair is often the
most feasible initial step to ascertain whether the design
of the workstation is associated with the musculoskeletal
symptoms.
In the selection of a chair, adjustability of the seat
height and the seat pan depth in correlation with the
anthropometrics of the user should be taken into consideration
[11,12]. A mismatch in the dimensions of the
chair impairs the ability of the postural muscles to support
the body and could also lead to abnormal strain of
the neuromuscular system, consequently causing pain
[5,13,14]. Chairs which can prevent these effects can
thus be beneficial in the prevention of spinal pain. A
chair meeting the ergonomic requirements is thus postulated
to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal
symptoms.
Musculoskeletal dysfunction in the workplace is typically
classified as repetitive strain disorders, which
account for about one third of the related injuries leading
to absenteeism [15]. The loss of productivity amounts
to about $3.3 billion per annum in Washington State,
USA [10]. Within the constraints of the current economic
climate, employers demand evidence for the
benefits attributed to an investment to alter workstations.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to appraise the
evidence base for the effectiveness of a chair intervention
in the workplace to reduce musculoskeletal
symptoms.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Background
Prolonged Sitting at Sub-Optimal workstations is associated
with Musculoskeletal dysfunction [1-5]. The
Musculoskeletal Pain or dysfunction Presents as Muscle
Tension of the cervical, Shoulder, and lumbar Regions. A
modifiable and non-modifiable Range of risk factors are
associated with the Musculoskeletal symptoms. Nonmodifiable
Genetic predisposition risk factors are, structural
disorders and spinal deformities or female Gender.
The modifiable factors include Body Alignment
(posture), nature and Duration of the Tasks and job demands
as well as physical features of the Work [5,6]. Commitment
from Supervisors and employees is Essential
to modify these risk factors; so is Capital Investment
to improve the Ergonomic Design of workstations in an
attempt to Reduce the occurrence of Musculoskeletal
symptoms.
Workstation Frequently modifications address the Work
surface and Chair [5,7-10]. Since the Chair has a Direct
influence on Body Alignment (posture), individuals suffering
from symptoms related to prolonged Musculoskeletal
Sitting are often advised to Alter the Chair of their
workstations [5,7-10]. Changing the Chair is also the Most
pragmatic Action because altering the Work surface May
be Limited by physical Space constraints and an Adjustable
Work surface is not always economically viable.
Therefore modifying the Workstation's Chair is often the
Most feasible Initial Step to Ascertain whether the Design
of. the Workstation is associated with the Musculoskeletal
symptoms.
In the selection of a Chair, the adjustability of seat
height and the seat depth in correlation with the Pan
Anthropometrics of the user should be taken Into consideration
[11,12]. A mismatch in the Dimensions of the
Chair impairs the ability of the postural Muscles to Support
the Body and could also Lead to abnormal strain of
the neuromuscular System, consequently causing Pain
[5,13,14]. Chairs which these effects Can Can Prevent
thus be beneficial in the Prevention of spinal Pain. A
Ergonomic Chair Meeting the requirements is thus postulated
to Reduce the occurrence of Musculoskeletal
symptoms.
Musculoskeletal dysfunction in the Workplace is typically
classified as repetitive strain disorders, which
Account for About one third of the Leading injuries related
to Absenteeism [15]. The Loss of Productivity amounts
to $ 3.3 billion per annum in About Washington State,
USA [10]. Within the constraints of the current Economic
Climate, employers demand Evidence for the
Benefits attributed to an Investment to Alter workstations.
Therefore, the AIM of this Study is to appraise the
Evidence Base for the effectiveness of a Chair intervention
in the Workplace to Reduce Musculoskeletal
symptoms. .

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Background
Prolonged sitting at sub-optimal workstations is associated
with musculoskeletal dysfunction [1-5]. The
musculoskeletal. Dysfunction presents as pain or muscle
tension of, the cervical shoulder and lumbar, regions. A
range of modifiable and. Non-modifiable risk factors are
associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms. Nonmodifiable
risk factors are, genetic predisposition. Structural
.Spinal deformities or disorders and female gender.
The modifiable factors include body alignment
(posture), nature and. Duration of the tasks and job demands
as well as physical features of the, work [5 6]. Commitment
from supervisors and employees. Is essential
to modify these risk factors; so is capital investment
to improve the ergonomic design of workstations in an
.Attempt to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal
.
symptoms Workstation modifications frequently address the work
surface. And chair [,]. Since 5 7-10 the chair has a direct
influence on body alignment (posture), individuals suffering
from musculoskeletal. Symptoms related to prolonged
sitting are often advised to alter the chair of their
workstations [,]. Changing 5 7-10 the. Chair is also the most
.Pragmatic action because altering the work surface may
be limited by physical space constraints and an adjustable
work. Surface is not always economically viable.
Therefore modifying the workstation 's chair is often the
most feasible initial. Step to ascertain whether the design
of the workstation is associated with the musculoskeletal
.
symptoms In the selection. Of, a chairAdjustability of the seat
height and the seat pan depth in correlation with the
anthropometrics of the user should be taken. Into consideration
[,]. A 11 12 mismatch in the dimensions of the
chair impairs the ability of the postural muscles to support
the. Body and could also lead to abnormal strain of
the, neuromuscular system consequently causing pain
[,, 5 13 14].Chairs which can prevent these effects can
thus be beneficial in the prevention of spinal pain. A
chair meeting the ergonomic. Requirements is thus postulated
to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal
.
symptoms Musculoskeletal dysfunction in the. Workplace is typically
classified as repetitive, strain disorders which
account for about one third of the related injuries. Leading
.To absenteeism [15]. The loss of productivity amounts
to about $3.3 billion per annum in Washington State
USA 10, []. Within. The constraints of the current economic
climate employers demand, evidence for the
benefits attributed to an investment. To alter workstations.
Therefore the aim, of this study is to appraise the
evidence base for the effectiveness of a chair. Intervention
.In the workplace to reduce musculoskeletal
symptoms.