Introduction
drying (Dehydration) or pulling out may be called the drying process, heat is transferred by one of the methods to materials with moisture to eliminate the moisture out of food by evaporation. By latent heat of evaporation, drying is commonly used for food preservation. The traditional method is to bring food to dry food until it is dry. Can be stored for long Drying is done by reducing the moisture content of food by evaporation of water from the surface of the food. Currently, the drying process is important in the industry. There are many products that come from drying
purpose of doing so include dry food. To prolong the shelf life In general, food products dried to moisture or water content of about 2-14%, resulting in a lower aw well. To inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi of all kinds (mold), yeast (yeast), bacteria (bacteria) that cause food spoilage (microbial spoilage) inhibition of the enzyme (enzyme) or slow reactions. Both chemical and biochemical where water is involved and that is why food spoilage (food spoilage), drying, the food is safe. Due to lower water content in food by drying. The food is tasty Water Activity (water activity) of less than 0.6, a level that pathogenic bacteria (pathogen) can not grow. It also can inhibit fungal toxin (mycotoxin) as Aflatoxin
addition to dry food is also made to reduce the volume makes it lightweight and easy to transport, consumption or import of raw materials continue to be another way. Moreover, the new products are the choice of more and more consumers. However, to get the desired product features. Therefore it is necessary to understand the basics of drying as well as
the general theory of drying,
the drying process mostly using air as a medium to transfer heat from the air to the product and mass transfer moisture from the product to. air The heat from the air that the products are to be used to evaporate water from the product. This product has a life such as grain, most of which have a porous internal structure. After drying in a thin layer of stable air conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed and temperature) on the basis of:
1.1. Heat and mass
1.1.1. Thermal conductivity The heat from one molecule to another molecule that is one side. Thermal Conductivity The properties of the substances that make up the object, which is different depending on the temperature and thermal conductivity, heat. The heat conductivity of the water is greater than the value of the diet dry matter. Which will take solid foods
1.1.2. Convection Takes place on a liquid diet to be taken by convection through an air gap or gas liquids from one fluid to another type
of heat radiation 1.1.3. By radiant heat to the food, which will take place in a restaurant in a vacuum and drying freeze
in the heat of drying may occur simultaneously two or three full time, depending on the style. dried food The dried herbs are heat two series between convection and conduction by the drying rate (drying rate) and Moisture substance (moisture content) can be divided into three periods Figure 1 Figure. Graph 1 shows the relationship between moisture base with a dry one. During the initial conditions (Initial Adjustment Period -AB) is the beginning of the food used in the drying. Initial moisture content (A) of food is high. Surface of the food will look very wet. The heat transfer medium heat to food. The surface temperature of food A value close to the wet bulb temperature (wet bulb temperature) of the hot wind is used as an intermediate drying rate gradually increased until the drying rate constant (Constant rate) 2. During the drying rate constant (Constant Rate Period. -BC) as the water moves within the material at the surface. The heat energy is used to check the material was dehydrated from the material. Continuous The average moisture content of the material Will be reduced in proportion to the drying time. The final point of the drying speed constant. Speed up the drying process will start to decline. The moisture content of the material at this time is called the critical moisture (Moisture content Critical) 3. During the drying rate decreased (Falling Rate Period CD and DE) is a diet low in moisture and spreads to the face, not the food. The The surface of dried food The temperature at the surface of food higher up. The drying rate is decreased. Moisture will decline steadily until the moisture (Equilibrium moisture content, XE), which is the lowest moisture. Under the conditions existing at that time. This moisture The drying rate is zero Food, water can not evaporate out again.
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