8. SOIL CONSISTENCY8.0 Definition o

8. SOIL CONSISTENCY

8.0 Definition of soil consistency

Soil consistency is the strength with which soil materials are held together or the resistance of soils to deformation and rupture. Soil consistency is measured for wet, moist and dry soil samples. For wet soils, it is expressed as both stickiness and plasticity, as defined below. Soil consistency may be estimated in the field using simple tests or may be measured more accurately in the laboratory.

Note: in each case, indications will be obtained concerning the relative value of soil for fish-pond construction, particularly when the wet-soil consistency is determined. In the tests which follow (Sections 8.1 and 8.2), soils which are particularly good for pond construction are highlighted with two axterisks(**).

8.1 Determination of wet-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil is saturated with water, as, for example, immediately after a good rainfall. First, determine stickiness, that is, the ability of soil materials to adhere to other objects. Then, determine plasticity, that is, the ability of soil materials to change shape, but not volume, continuously under the influence of a constant pressure and to retain the impressed shape when the pressure is removed.

Field test for stickiness of wet soil

Press a small amount of wet soil between your thumb and forefinger to see if it will stick to your fingers. Then slowly open your fingers. Rate the stickiness as follows:

0 Non-sticky, if no soil or practically no soil sticks to your fingers;







1 Slightly sticky, if the soil begins to stick to your fingers but comes off one or the other cleanly and does not stretch when the fingers are opened;




**2 Sticky, if the soil sticks to both the thumb and forefinger and tends to stretch a little and pull apart rather than pulling free from your fingers;



**3 Very sticky, if the soil sticks firmly to both thumb and forefinger and stretches when the fingers are opened.



Field test for plasticity of wet soil

Roll a small amount of wet soil between the palms of your hands until it forms a long, round strip like a wire about 3 mm thick. Rate the plasticity as follows:





0 Non-plastic, if no wire can be formed;


1 Slightly plastic, if a wire can be formed but can easily be broken and returned to its former state;


**2 Plastic, if a wire can be formed but, when it is broken and returned to its former state, it cannot be formed again;


**3 Very plastic, if a wire can be formed which cannot be broken easily and, when it is broken, it can be rolled between your hands and be reformed several times.



8.2 Determination of moist-soil consistency

Field test for moist-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil is moist but not wet, as, for example, 24 hours after a good rainfall.

Try to crush a small amount of moist soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm of your hand. Rate moist soil consistency as follows:








0 Loose, if the soil is non-coherent (single-grain structure);



1 Very friable, if the soil crushes easily under very gentle pressure but will stick together if pressed again;


2 Friable, if the soil crushes easily under gentle to moderate pressure;



**3 Firm, if the soil crushes under moderate pressure but resistance is noticeable;


**4 Very firm, if the soil crushes under strong pressure, but this is difficult to do between the thumb and forefinger;



5 Extremely firm, if the soil crushes only under very strong pressure, cannot be crushed between the thumb and forefinger, but must be broken apart bit by bit.


8.3 Determination of dry-soil consistency

Field test for dry-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil has been air-dried.

Try to break a small amount of dry soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm of your hand. Rate dry soil consistency as follows:








0 Loose, if the soil is non-coherent (single-grain structure):



1 Soft, if the soil is very weakly coherent and friable. breaking to powder or individual grains under very slight pressure;


2 Slightly hard, if the soil resists light pressure, but can be broken easily between thumb and forefinger;

3 Hard, if the soil resists moderate pressure, can barely be broken between the thumb and forefinger, but can be broken in the hands without difficulty;


4 Very hard, if the soil resists great pressure, cannot be broken between the thumb and forefinger but can be broken in the hands with difficulty;

5 Extremely hard, if the soil resists extreme pressure and cannot be broken in the hands.


8.4 Determination of soil consistency using the Atterberg Limits

As can be seen from the various wet, moist and dry soil tests in Sections 8.1 to 8.3, the consistency

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8. SOIL consistency

8.0 Definition of soil consistency

Soil consistency is the strength with which soil or the Materials are held Together resistance of soils to deformation and rupture. Soil consistency is measured for wet, moist and dry soil samples. For wet soils, it is expressed as both stickiness and plasticity, as defined below. Soil consistency may be estimated in the field using simple tests or may be measured more accurately in the laboratory.

Note: in each case, indications will be obtained concerning the relative value of soil for fish-pond construction, particularly when the wet-soil consistency is determined. In the tests which follow (Sections 8.1 and 8.2), soils which are particularly good for pond construction are highlighted with two axterisks (**).

8.1 Determination of Wet-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil is saturated with Water, as, for example, immediately after a good rainfall. First, determine stickiness, that is, the ability of soil materials to adhere to other objects. Then, determine plasticity, that is, the ability of soil materials to change shape, but not volume, continuously under the influence of a constant pressure and to retain the impressed shape when the pressure is removed.

Field Test for stickiness of Wet soil

Wet soil Press a Small amount of between your thumb and Forefinger to See if it Will Stick to your Fingers. Then slowly open your fingers. The rate stickiness as follows:

0 Non-sticky, if no soil or practically no soil sticks to your Fingers;







1 Slightly sticky, if the soil begins to stick to your fingers but comes off one or the other cleanly and does not stretch when the fingers are opened;




** 2 Sticky, if the soil sticks to both the thumb and forefinger and tends to stretch a little and pull apart rather than pulling free from your fingers;



** 3 Very sticky, if the soil sticks firmly to both thumb and forefinger and stretches when the fingers are opened.



Field Test for plasticity of soil Wet

Wet Roll a Small amount of soil between the Palms of it until your Hands Forms a long, round like a strip Wire About 3 mm Thick. The rate plasticity as follows:





0 Non-Plastic, Can be formed if no Wire;


1 Slightly plastic, if a wire can be formed but can easily be broken and returned to its former state;


** 2 Plastic, if a wire can be formed but, when it is broken and returned to its former state, it can not be formed again;


** 3 Very plastic, if a wire can be formed which can not be broken easily and, when it is broken, it can be rolled between your hands and be reformed several times.



8.2 Determination of moist-soil consistency

Field Test for moist-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil is moist but not Wet, as, for example, 24 hours after a good rainfall.

Try to crush a small amount of moist soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm of your hand. Rate moist soil consistency as follows:








0 Loose, if the soil is non-Coherent (single-Grain structure);



1 Very friable, if the soil crushes easily under very gentle pressure but will stick together if pressed again;


2 Friable, if the soil crushes easily under gentle to moderate pressure;



** 3 Firm, if the soil crushes under moderate pressure but resistance is noticeable;


** 4 Very firm, if the soil crushes under strong pressure, but this is difficult to do between the thumb and forefinger;



5 Extremely firm, if the soil crushes only under very strong pressure, can not be crushed between the thumb and forefinger, but must be broken apart bit by bit.


8.3 Determination of Dry-soil consistency

Field Test for Dry-soil consistency

Testing is done when the soil has been Air-Dried.

Try to break a small amount of dry soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm of your hand. Rate Dry soil consistency as follows:








0 Loose, if the soil is non-Coherent (single-Grain structure):



1 Soft, if the soil is very weakly Coherent and friable. breaking to powder or individual grains under very slight pressure;


2 Slightly hard, if the soil resists light pressure, but can be broken easily between thumb and forefinger;

3 Hard, if the soil resists moderate pressure, can barely be broken between the thumb and forefinger, but can be broken in the hands without difficulty;


4 Very hard, if the soil resists great pressure, can not be broken between the thumb and forefinger but can be broken in the hands with difficulty;

5 Extremely hard, if the soil resists extreme pressure and can not be broken in the hands.


8.4 Determination of soil consistency using the Atterberg Limits

As Can be seen from the Various Wet, Dry and moist soil tests in Sections 8.1 to 8.3, the consistency.

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8. SOIL CONSISTENCY.8.0 Definition of soil consistency.Soil consistency is the strength with which soil materials are held together or the resistance of soils to deformation. And rupture. Soil consistency is measured, for wet moist and dry soil samples. For wet soils it is, expressed as both stickiness. And plasticity as defined, below. Soil consistency may be estimated in the field using simple tests or may be measured more. Accurately in the laboratory.Note: in each case indications will, be obtained concerning the relative value of soil for, fish-pond construction particularly. When the wet-soil consistency is determined. In the tests which follow (Sections 8.1 and 8.2), soils which are particularly. Good for pond construction are highlighted with two axterisks (* *).8.1 Determination of wet-soil consistency.Testing is done when the soil is saturated with water as for example,,, after immediately a good rainfall. First determine,, ,, stickiness that is the ability of soil materials to adhere to other objects. Then determine plasticity, that is the,,, Ability of soil materials to change shape but volume, not, under continuously the influence of a constant pressure and to. Retain the impressed shape when the pressure is removed.Field test for stickiness of wet soil.Press a small amount of wet soil between your thumb and forefinger to see if it will stick to your fingers. Then slowly. Open your fingers. Rate the stickiness as follows:0 Non-sticky if no, soil or practically no soil sticks to your fingers;1 Slightly sticky if the, soil begins to stick to your fingers but comes off one or the other cleanly and does not stretch. When the fingers are opened;* * 2 Sticky if the, soil sticks to both the thumb and forefinger and tends to stretch a little and pull apart rather than. Pulling free from your fingers;* * 3, Very sticky if the soil sticks firmly to both thumb and forefinger and stretches when the fingers are opened.Field test for plasticity of wet soil.Roll a small amount of wet soil between the palms of your hands until it forms a long round strip, like a wire about 3 mm. Thick. Rate the plasticity as follows:0 Non-plastic if no, wire can be formed;1, Slightly plastic if a wire can be formed but can easily be broken and returned to its former state;* * 2 Plastic if a, wire can be formed but when it, is broken and returned to its, former state it cannot be formed again;* * 3 Very plastic if a, wire can be formed which cannot be broken, easily and when it is broken it can, be rolled between. Your hands and be reformed several times.8.2 Determination of moist-soil consistency.Field test for moist-soil consistency.Testing is done when the soil is moist but not wet as for example,,, hours 24 after a good rainfall.Try to crush a small amount of moist soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm. Of your hand. Rate moist soil consistency as follows:0 Loose if the, soil is non-coherent (single - grain structure);1, Very friable if the soil crushes easily under very gentle pressure but will stick together if pressed again;2 Friable if the, soil crushes easily under gentle to moderate pressure;* * 3 Firm if the, soil crushes under moderate pressure but resistance is noticeable;* * 4 Very firm if the, soil crushes under, strong pressure but this is difficult to do between the thumb and forefinger;5, Extremely firm if the soil crushes only under very strong pressure cannot be, crushed between the thumb, and forefinger. But must be broken apart bit by bit.8.3 Determination of dry-soil consistency.Field test for dry-soil consistency.Testing is done when the soil has been air-dried.Try to break a small amount of dry soil by pressing it between your thumb and forefinger or by squeezing it in the palm. Of your hand. Rate dry soil consistency as follows:0 Loose if the, soil is non-coherent (single - grain structure):1 Soft if the, soil is very weakly coherent and friable. Breaking to powder or individual grains under very slight pressure;2, Slightly hard if the soil resists light pressure but can, be broken easily between thumb and forefinger;3 Hard if the, soil resists, moderate pressure can barely be broken between the thumb, and forefinger but can be broken. In the hands without difficulty;4, Very hard if the soil resists, great pressure cannot be broken between the thumb and forefinger but can be broken in. The hands with difficulty;5, Extremely hard if the soil resists extreme pressure and cannot be broken in the hands.8.4 Determination of soil consistency using the Atterberg Limits.As can be seen from the, various wet moist and dry soil tests in Sections 8.1 to 8.3 the consistency,,