1. IntroductionWaste management pre

1. Introduction
Waste management presents one of the challenges that any urban area in the world facing with. Although the quantity of solid waste generated in urban areas developing countries is low compared to industrialized countries, the municipal solid waste management still remains inadequate (Prokić, & Mihajlov, 2012). The main reason is that municipal authorities lack the resources and trained staff to provide their rapidly growing populations with the necessary facilities and services for solid waste management. Thus, the problem of upgrading practices for the disposal of solid wastes is far more difficult than in developed countries (GamzeTuran, Çoruh, Akdemir, & Osman Nuri Ergun, 2009). Serbia is in the process of upgrading its MSW management, but generally it can be characterized as undeveloped, as waste management consists of waste collection and land disposal only (Nemanja Stanisavljevic, Ubavin, Batinic, Fellner, & Vujic, 2012). Many cities in Serbia are facing serious problems in managing solid wastes due to the existing solid waste management system that is found to be highly inefficient. Although strict regulations on the management of solid waste are in place, primitive disposal methods such as open dumping and discharge into surface water have been used in various parts. For dealing with generated waste in an environmentally and economically sustainable way, landfilling must be replaced by other, more sustainable, more efficient and modern processes (Karagiannidis, Kontogianni, & Logothetis, 2013).

Serbian approach to waste management is based on the EU standards and adopted waste hierarchy principle prescribed in the Law on Waste Management (“Official Gazette RS”, No. 36/09, 88/10), as well as in the National Waste Management Strategy, 2010–2019 (“Official Gazette RS“, No. 29/10). This hierarchy states that the most preferred option for waste management is prevention, followed by re-use and recycling, energy recovery and, least favoured of all, disposal. Serbia is in the process to establish national targets for waste recycling, diversion of biodegradable waste from landfills etc.

In order to ensure compliance with future EU targets, Ireland has adopted new policies for continuing improvements in waste management after the mid 2000s (EEA, 2013). The last decade has seen significant changes in waste management in Ireland. According to Environmental Protection Agency, 2013a, Environmental Protection Agency, 2013b and Environmental Protection Agency, 2013c, ten years ago recovery and recycling of household waste was 9% while now it reachs 47%. In addition, 98% of construction and demolition waste and 79% of packiging waste is recovered (Environmental Protection Agency, 2013a, Environmental Protection Agency, 2013b and Environmental Protection Agency, 2013c). The Irish strategy is to divert over 90% of waste from the ladfilling to a significant recovery of recyclable materials through the implementation of 10 regional waste management plans and inclusion of stakeholders involvement programmes. Regional waste management plans were prepared according to principal drivers from the EU Waste Framework Directive, the EU Packaging waste Directive and the EU Landfill Directive (Rudden, 2007).

Benchmarking method described below enables to make a comparative identification of those key elements, that will help to identify cities’ strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, municipal benchmarking leads to more efficient municipal resources management and contributes significantly to expenditure cuts, mainly through a process of development and learning. Subsequently, this analytical tool will serve as the basis for evaluating the results.

1.1. MSWM legislation: at a Glance

The Republic of Ireland is an EU member since 1973. Legal basis of Ireland's waste policy is influenced by a range of EU Directives. Waste Framework Directive sets out the management system applicable to the municipality and it is an inseparable part of Irish Waste Management Act 1996. Waste Management Act is covering non hazardous and hazardous waste in Ireland. This legislation contains a number of key legal obligations, including disposal and recovery activities that require a waste licence (EPA). Waste management policy at the national level was set down in several documents issued by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government. Government policy document ‘Changing Our Ways', published in 1998, was based on the “integrated waste management” approach, and internationally adopted hierarchy as the cornerstone of European waste policies and legislation. Preventing and Recycling Waste – Delivering Change was published in 2002, built on Changing Our Ways moving to concrete proposals to give authorities more power undertake the problem of waste, while Waste Management – Taking Stock and Moving Forward was published in 2004, Last one, A Resource Opportunity – Waste Management Policy in Ireland was published in 201

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

1. Introduction
Waste Management Presents one of the challenges that any Urban Area in the World Facing with. Although the quantity of solid waste generated in urban areas developing countries is low compared to industrialized countries, the municipal solid waste management still remains inadequate (Prokić, & Mihajlov, 2012). The main reason is that municipal authorities lack the resources and trained staff to provide their rapidly growing populations with the necessary facilities and services for solid waste management. Thus, the problem of upgrading practices for the disposal of solid wastes is far more difficult than in developed countries (GamzeTuran, Çoruh, Akdemir, & Osman Nuri Ergun, 2009). Serbia is in the process of upgrading its MSW management, but generally it can be characterized as undeveloped, as waste management consists of waste collection and land disposal only (Nemanja Stanisavljevic, Ubavin, Batinic, Fellner, & Vujic, 2012). Many cities in Serbia are facing serious problems in managing solid wastes due to the existing solid waste management system that is found to be highly inefficient. Although strict regulations on the management of solid waste are in place, primitive disposal methods such as open dumping and discharge into surface water have been used in various parts. For Dealing with Generated waste in an ENVIRONMENTALLY and economically Sustainable Way, landfilling must be replaced by Other, more Sustainable, more efficient and Modern processes (Karagiannidis, Kontogianni, & Logothetis, 2,013th). Serbian approach to waste Management is based on the EU Standards. and adopted waste hierarchy principle prescribed in the Law on Waste Management ( "Official Gazette RS", No. 36/09, 88/10), as well as in the National Waste Management Strategy, 2010-2019 ( "Official Gazette RS",. No. 29/10). This hierarchy states that the most preferred option for waste management is prevention, followed by re-use and recycling, energy recovery and, least favoured of all, disposal. Serbia in the Process is to establish targets for National Recycling waste, biodegradable waste from landfills Diversion of etc. In Order to ensure compliance with EU targets Future, Ireland has adopted policies for New Continuing Improvements in waste Management after the Mid 2000s (EEA, in 2013. ). The last decade has seen significant changes in waste management in Ireland. According to Environmental Protection Agency, 2013a, Environmental Protection Agency, 2013b and Environmental Protection Agency, 2013c, ten years ago recovery and recycling of household waste was 9% while now it reachs 47%. In addition, 98% of construction and demolition waste and 79% of packiging waste is recovered (Environmental Protection Agency, 2013a, Environmental Protection Agency, 2013b and Environmental Protection Agency, 2013c). The Irish strategy is to divert over 90% of waste from the ladfilling to a significant recovery of recyclable materials through the implementation of 10 regional waste management plans and inclusion of stakeholders involvement programmes. Regional waste Management plans were prepared according to Principal Drivers from the EU Waste Framework Directive, the EU Packaging waste Directive and the EU Landfill Directive (Rudden, two thousand and seven). Benchmarking method described Below enables to Make a Comparative identification of those Key Elements, that Will. help to identify cities' strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, municipal benchmarking leads to more efficient municipal resources management and contributes significantly to expenditure cuts, mainly through a process of development and learning. Subsequently, this analytical Tool Will serve as the basis for evaluating the results. 1.1. Mswm legislation: at a Glance The Republic of Ireland is an EU Member since 1973. Legal basis of Ireland's waste is influenced by a Range Policy of EU Directives. Waste Framework Directive sets out the management system applicable to the municipality and it is an inseparable part of Irish Waste Management Act 1996. Waste Management Act is covering non hazardous and hazardous waste in Ireland. This legislation contains a number of key legal obligations, including disposal and recovery activities that require a waste licence (EPA). Waste management policy at the national level was set down in several documents issued by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government. Government policy document 'Changing Our Ways', published in 1998, was based on the "integrated waste management" approach, and internationally adopted hierarchy as the cornerstone of European waste policies and legislation. Preventing and Recycling Waste - Delivering Change was published in 2002, built on Changing Our Ways moving to concrete proposals to give authorities more power undertake the problem of waste, while Waste Management - Taking Stock and Moving Forward was published in 2004, Last one, A. Resource Opportunity - Waste Management Policy in Ireland was published in 201.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

1. Introduction.Waste management presents one of the challenges that any urban area in the world facing with. Although the quantity of. Solid waste generated in urban areas developing countries is low compared to, industrialized countries the municipal solid. Waste management still remains inadequate (Proki ć, & Mihajlov 2012). The, main reason is that municipal authorities lack. The resources and trained staff to provide their rapidly growing populations with the necessary facilities and services. For solid waste management. Thus the problem, of upgrading practices for the disposal of solid wastes is far more difficult. Than in developed countries (GamzeTuran, Ç oruh, Akdemir, & Osman, Nuri Ergun 2009). Serbia is in the process of upgrading. Its, MSW management but generally it can be characterized, as undeveloped as waste management consists of waste collection. And land disposal only (Nemanja Stanisavljevic Ubavin Batinic,,,,, Fellner & Vujic 2012). Many cities in Serbia are facing. Serious problems in managing solid wastes due to the existing solid waste management system that is found to be highly, inefficient. Although strict regulations on the management of solid waste are in place primitive disposal, methods such as open dumping. And discharge into surface water have been used in various parts. For dealing with generated waste in an environmentally. And economically sustainable way landfilling must, be replaced other by, sustainable more, efficient more and modern processes. ,, & (Karagiannidis Kontogianni, Logothetis 2013).Serbian approach to waste management is based on the EU standards and adopted waste hierarchy principle prescribed in the. Law on Waste Management ("Official Gazette RS", No. 36 /, / 09 88 10), as well as in the National Waste, Management Strategy. 2010 - 2019 ("Official Gazette RS", No. 29 / 10). This hierarchy states that the most preferred option for waste management. Is prevention followed by, re-use and recycling energy and, recovery, favoured of, least all disposal. Serbia is in the. Process to establish national targets for, waste recycling diversion of biodegradable waste from landfills etc.In order to ensure compliance with future, EU targets Ireland has adopted new policies for continuing improvements in waste. Management after the mid, 2000s (EEA 2013). The last decade has seen significant changes in waste management in, Ireland. According to Environmental, Protection Agency 2013a Environmental Protection, Agency 2013b), and Environmental Protection. " ,, Agency 2013c ten years ago recovery and recycling of household waste was 9% while now it reachs 47%. In addition 98% of,, Construction and demolition waste and 79% of packiging waste is recovered (Environmental Protection Agency 2013a Environmental,,, Protection Agency 2013b), and), Environmental Protection Agency 2013c). The Irish strategy is to divert over 90% of waste. From the ladfilling to a significant recovery of recyclable materials through the implementation of 10 regional waste management. Plans and inclusion of stakeholders involvement programmes. Regional waste management plans were prepared according to principal. Drivers from the EU Waste Framework Directive the EU, Packaging waste Directive and the EU Landfill Directive Rudden 2007 (,).Benchmarking method described below enables to make a comparative identification of those, key elements that will help. To identify cities' strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore municipal benchmarking, leads to more efficient municipal resources. Management and contributes significantly to expenditure cuts mainly through, a process of development and learning, Subsequently,. This analytical tool will serve as the basis for evaluating the results.1.1. MSWM legislation: at a Glance.The Republic of Ireland is an EU member since 1973. Legal basis of Ireland 's waste policy is influenced by a range of EU. Directives. Waste Framework Directive sets out the management system applicable to the municipality and it is an inseparable. Part of Irish Waste Management Act 1996. Waste Management Act is covering non hazardous and hazardous waste in, Ireland. This legislation contains a number of key legal obligations including disposal, and recovery activities that require a waste. Licence (EPA). Waste management policy at the national level was set down in several documents issued by the Department. Of the Environment Community and, Local Government. Government policy document 'Changing Our Ways', published, in 1998 was. Based on the "integrated waste management", approach and internationally adopted hierarchy as the cornerstone of European. Waste policies and legislation. Preventing and Recycling Waste - Delivering Change was published, in 2002 built on Changing. Our Ways moving to concrete proposals to give authorities more power undertake the problem, of waste while Waste Management. To Taking Stock and Moving Forward was published in, one 2004 Last, Resource A Opportunity - Waste Management Policy in Irel.