- split into the temperature in food preservation, as follows:
- the T 15-45 ˚ C is danger zone bact. Grow quickly. Don't keep the raw material in the range. This T
- the T 7-15 ˚ C and range T 45-63 ˚ C bact. Grow slowly. Collect food can not exceed 2-4 hours
.- the T < 7 and ˚ C T > 63 ˚ C suggest collect
treatment food using low temperature food storage
- prevent or reduce the growth of microorganisms.
-
- reduce reduced enzyme activity of spore germination
* shelf-life extension
.How to store at low temperature
-
- frozen ice fresh seafood, meat, vegetables, wood ดหั่น dressing
- skin temperature, food 0-1 ˚ C.
- problem: the temperature up and down contamination
-
cross refrigerator (Refrigeration)
.- fresh food processing, food and eating
-
- temperature 4-5 ˚ C perishable food (meat, fish) stored at T < 4.4 ˚ C. (~ 1 ˚ C)
- control of temperature, humidity, the space between the frozen food
-
.- fruits and vegetables fresh meat fish food processing
- temperature < - 10 ˚ C
Home freezer - 20 ˚ C
ice - 78 ˚ C
nitrogen liquid 196 ˚ C.
- microorganisms do not thrive - 20 ˚ C but may prosper during the defrosting
effect of low temperature on organic
1 experiment.The work of enzyme decreased, especially heat-stable and proteinase lipase
- enzyme destroyed
- protein denature and coagulate
-
- DNA elements of cell wall injury. Separated
2. The amount of water used reduced microbial
- aw of dropped food M.O malnutrition may die
- ice crystal cell destruction wall ruptured substances in cells flowing out of the cell M.O die
- 0 to - 1 ˚ C
- Psychrophile. : lag phase exponential phase, germination time, of spore longer
- and Mesophile Thermophile: injury and death
- - 2 ˚ C
.- free water in food hardens, crystallization of ice, ice crystals aw T
-
effect of freezing rate
-
- slow freezing T < 5, ˚ C 3 - 72 hours.
-
- what a large ice crystals solution effect
.Water in the cells spread out of the cells, cells lacking water, the concentration of the slots. In the cells increased (AW) ion ในเซลล์ increased (pH) structure. In the cells lose state and unsteady
-
- cell injury quick freezing
- T - 17.8 - 45.6 ˚ C, no more than 30 minutes
.- ice crystal small
- cells not born solution effect
-
cell injury and less than the effect of Freeze-Thaw
- Cell wall. And the cell membrane torn
-
- DNA broken line Ribosomal RNA study
-
- some Enzyme inhibited Sublethal (repairable). Injury
.- Structural and functional injuries are reversible
-
- Lethal injury The damage are irreversible
using high temperature. (High Temperature)
- using heat or high temperatures to destroy cells, microorganisms,
-
-
- is divided into Pasteurization Sterilization Pasteurization
-
Heat T < 100 ˚ C
.- destroy microorganisms cause disease
* Reduce the number of microorganisms causing food waste
-
- 63 temperature and time, ˚ C 30 min (low, temp long time; LTLT)
- 72 ˚ C 15 sec,, (high, temp short time; HTST)
- 82.3, ˚ C 25 sec
- 76.7-93.3, ˚ C 1-3 sec
- 74, ˚ C 15 min
.Heat sufficient to destroy the
- and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coxiella burnetii
- Yeast mold bact,, G - and G some species Sterilization
-
Heat T higher 100 ˚ C
- destruction of microorganisms, including all spore
.- heat used in this level, called commercial sterilization
- foods that have a commercial sterilized food
-
- milk, canned food UHT (135-150, ˚ C 1-4 sec)
effect of heat treatment on microbial cell
.- changes of microbial cell protein (denature) or precipitation of proteins (coagulation) cell Bennet dies
- make DNA. Broken
-
destroyed cytoplasm factors affecting the heat resistance of microorganisms
.- the relationship between temperature and time to kill microbes
- cell quantity and composition of food spore start
•
* The types of microorganisms D-value
.- the time in minutes. At one level, which will destroy the plaque to reduce the down 90% or 1 log cycle Z-value
-
Temperature change due to variation D to 1 log F-value cycle
.- heat value and time needed to destroy. Microorganisms in food products access to sterile condition commercial
.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
