Instructional Design (Instructional Design)
definition of instructional design. (Instructional Design)
Instructional Design (Instructional Design) is the scientific principles used to design a system or planning to teach effectively. Principles of Instructional Design (Instructional Design) is a guide for the teacher or instructional designer. (Instructional Designer) Massive Designs And learn ways to collect data for research purposes. And Experience In Instructional Design (Instructional Design) to bring awareness to a wide variety of learners effectively instructional design. (Instructional Design) is a process for preparing a teaching program in a systematic and scientific principles about the learning of individuals. The process And such principles as a necessary and important in instructional design. It lacks something impossible is bringing to the system. Or the system used in teaching. Which includes data input (Input) process (Process) and output (Output) systems such as coaching a sub-elements such as teachers, student system teaching system. System selection and use of teaching materials. Or learning resources Which of these subunits Can work in their duties freely. If the unit is changed, it will affect the other units with a teaching system designed using a systems approach (Systematic approach) are being widely implemented. Is defined as the process of teaching is defined behavioral objectives. Designing Learning Activities Use of Resources To be able to respond to individual differences such as age, gender ratio of students to learn. The intellectual interests, aptitudes previous experience. As well as cultural background The teachers and educational technologists. Will play a key role in designing, developing instructional systems design teaching. Educators are as follows: Post Frankfurt and Baker (James W. Popham, and Baker, 1970) has designed a system of instruction, divided into four steps: 1. Objectives 2. Basic considerations learners 3. Plan learning activities 4. Evaluation Braun and colleagues (Brown and others, 1986) is a system of teaching that focuses on providing a student-centered learning. And an analysis of learners In order to manage the course, which satisfy different types of learners. The details are as follows: - the target (goals) because in teaching or training they need a purpose, aim, which is the purpose of these will have to be written as the purpose of learning, which is divided into three. namely: 1. Cognitive (Cognitive Domain) related knowledge, comprehension, analysis, synthesis and evaluation of two. On Karma (Affective Domain) related to attitude. And feelings, such as feeling sentimental music, or art, etc. 3. Skill Range (Psychomotor Domain) is about skills such as football skills. Typing skills Or calligraphy skills, etc. - conditions (Conditions) refers to the learning experience provided to students. The students can achieve the objectives set. The principle that "Learning is a process of self-act, both physically and mentally," so the choice of experience. And activity that encourages students to achieve the set objectives and in accordance with the learning styles of learners is important - learning resources (Resources) is a major component of instructional management. These include the physical environment that is conducive to student learning and performance, including personnel, equipment, teachers, library media specialists. Teaching assistants and others which have a direct or indirect cause learning well - Results (Outcomes) is the result of learning activities before, such as the achievement of learners who are gathering. Then the data is updated to make teaching more effective Gerlach and Ely (Gerlach and Ely, 1980) proposed a teaching model, which consists of 10 different elements, namely : 1. Define objectives. (Specification of Objectives) is to determine the objective that they should be able to do some second. The content (Specification of Content) selects content to help learners achieve the objectives set at three. The original basis of the study (Assessment of Entering Behaviors) to know the basic knowledge or previous experience of learners. It enables teachers to take those things into consideration before planning teaching. By analyzing the differences between individuals (Individual differences) in various areas, which can find information from the data recorder 1. (Use of Available Records) as record collection, which will save the school areas such as intellectual reasoning. and language as well as information about personality second. Quizzes that teachers created (Teacher - Designed Pretest) to test the knowledge or previous experience of learning about the subject is taught. The teachers are aware of the capabilities (Learners' abilities) Aptitude (Aptitudes) of the students will be more. In order to introduce the students. And in planning future learning experiences for four. Select strategies and teaching techniques (Determination of Strategy andTechniques) is a way for teachers to use in providing information. In selecting learning resources. And the role of the learner To help the students to achieve the objectives set. The above methods can be divided into two types: 1. Lecture (Expository Approach) is a traditional teaching methods. The teacher made the presentation on various 2. Inquiry (Inquiry Approach) methodology, the role of the teacher as a director in the experience. By questioning Create conditions for learners to seek answers on how to solve problems using data books, materials, and the students will have to collect (Organize) information systems, knowledge of the learners have to do it by yourself (Active participations. ) will eventually get a conclusion that can be used in planning the implementation of teaching fifth. Grouping students (Og
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