DNA extraction and PCR amplification.Genomic DNA from each individual P. Manihoti per collecting site (28 individuals in total) was extracted using DNeasy game systems. Blood & Tissue Kit (,,, Qiagen Germantown MD US; catalog # 69504). In this study we used, the protein-coding COI gene and. The ITS1 gene for molecular phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a gene fragment was. Carried out in a 50 thermal l final reaction volume containing 1x PCR Master Mix (Catalog # K0171 Fermentas Life, Science), 200 nmol / L. Of a foreword primer (COI: 5 '- ATAACTATACCTATYATTATTGGAAG - 3'; ITS1: 5 '- TACACACCGCCCGTCG CTACTA-3') and a reverse primer. (COI: 5 '- TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3'; ITS1: 5 '- ATGTGCGTTCG AAATGTCGATGTTCA-3'), and at least 200 ng of DNA template. Thermal. Profiles consisted of an initial denaturation step of 94 º C for, 3 min followed by 35 cycles of 94 º C for 1 min 48 º, C for, 1 min. And 72 º C for, 150 s with a final extension step of 72 º C for 5 min. Amplified PCR products were then purified using QIAquick game systems. Gel Extraction Kit (,,, Qiagen Germantown MD US; catalog # 28740), and direct sequenced by AITbiotech Pte Ltd (Singapore).
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