Statistical achievement
descriptive statistics, consists of
determination of average
x ̅ (∑ ▒ x) / N
when x ̅ instead The average
Σ x instead of total points all N instead of all points
percentage standard deviation
S.D. = √ ((n ∑ ▒ 〖 x
2 - (∑ ▒ x)
2 〗) / N (n-1))
when S.D. Instead of standard deviation
Σ x instead of total score of each
Σ x2 Instead of the total score of each square
n instead, the number of people take the exam
(plain, rank and 4 line rank. 2543: 218)
Statistical hypothesis testing
statistics T-test
the mean difference between test group before and after with the formula t-test Dependent (plain line rank. 2536:? 84)
formula t = (∑ ▒ D) / √ (((〖 ND 〗
2 - (∑ ▒ D)
2)) / (N-1))
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