คำสันธาน ( Conjunction ) คำสันธาน ค

คำสันธาน ( Conjunction )

คำสันธาน คือคำที่ใช้เชื่อมความ ซึ่งได้แก่ คำสันธานที่ใช้เชื่อมประโยคที่สมบูรณ์สองประโยคเข้าด้วยกัน (coordinating conjunction) คำสันธานที่ใช้นำหน้าประโยคย่อยไม่อิสระใน complex sentence (subordinating conjunction) และคำสันธานแบบคำคู่ ( paired conjunction)

1 Coordinating Conjunction

คือคำสันธานที่ใช้เชื่อมเพื่อแสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างคำ กลุ่มคำ หรือเชื่อมประโยคย่อยอิสระที่อยู่ใน compound sentence เช่น and, but, yet, or, nor, neither, for, so เป็นต้น โดยหากเป็นการเชื่อมประโยคย่อยอิสระใน compound sentence คำเชื่อมเหล่านี้จะอยู่ระหว่าง clause ทั้งสองและมีเครื่องหมายจุลภาค , (comma) คั่น ในกรณีที่ประโยคที่เชื่อมต่อกันค่อนข้างสั้น สามารถละเครื่องหมายจุลภาคได้
1) and ใช้แสดงความสัมพันธ์ของข้อมูลที่เสริมกัน ( showing addition)

My husband and I are going to Rayong this weekend.
My favorite pastimes are playing sports and listening to music.
I wrote to Kimberly on Tuesday and received her reply on Saturday morning.
January is the first month of the year, and December is the last.

2) but, yet ใช้แสดงความสัมพันธ์ของข้อมูลที่ขัดแย้งกัน ( showing concession or contrast)
These shoes are old but comfortable.
Jane likes the piano but prefers to play the harpsichord.
Carol is rich, but Robert is poor.
Mr. Bartley came to the party, but Mr. and Mrs. O'Connor did not.

3) or ใช้แสดงความสัมพันธ์ประเภทเลือกอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง ( showing alternatives)
You can have the black kitten or the white dog.
You can email or fax us the details of the program.
She wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music.

4) nor, neither ใช้ในความหมายตรงข้ามกับ or กล่าวคือใช้แสดงความสัมพันธ์ในเชิงปฏิเสธ
หมายถึง ไม่ทั้งสองอย่าง ( showing no alternatives) ขอให้สังเกตว่าเมื่อใช้คำว่า nor และ neither ซึ่งมีความหมายเชิงปฏิเสธนำหน้าประโยค จะมีการสลับที่ประธานกับกริยา กล่าวคือ จะวางกริยาไว้หน้าประธาน
Laura has not left, nor is she planning to leave.
These people are not insane, nor are they fools.
I was not happy, and neither were they.

5) for ใช้แสดงสาเหตุหรือเหตุผล ( showing causes or reasons)
I went to bed, for I was tired.
I'm taking an English class, for I want to improve my English skills.
I'm afraid I can't accept your invitation, for I have to go on a business trip to Japan.

6) so ใช้แสดงผล ( showing results)
Victor liked the necktie, so he bought it.
She felt hungry, so she took a lunch break.
John's car is in the repair shop, so he has to take a taxi to work.



2 Subordinating Conjunction

คือคำสันธานที่ใช้เชื่อมประโยคย่อยไม่อิสระ/ประโยคใจความรอง ( dependent/subordinate clause) ประเภท adverb clause เข้ากับประโยคย่อยอิสระ/ประโยคใจความหลัก (independent/main clause) ใน complex sentence เพื่อแสดงความสัมพันธ์ในลักษณะต่าง ๆ อาทิ กิริยาอาการ สถานที่ เวลา เหตุผล ผล จุดประสงค์ การขัดแย้งหรือแตกต่างกัน การเปรียบเทียบ คำสันธานในกลุ่มนี้ เช่น as if, in a way that, where, wherever, when, before, because, since, so that, so, although, whereas, as … as, more … than, if, unless เป็นต้น โดยคำเชื่อมเหล่านี้จะเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของประโยคย่อยไม่อิสระและมีเครื่องหมายจุลภาค , (comma) คั่นระหว่างประโยคทั้งสอง


1) ข้อความแสดงลักษณะอาการ (manner) เป็นการอธิบายลักษณะอาการหรือเพิ่มเติมข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับลักษณะการกระทำในประโยคใจความหลัก คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น as ( ตามที่) , in a/the way that ( แบบ/ตามวิธีการแบบ) , like ( เหมือนกับ) , unlike ( ไม่เหมือนกับ) , as if/as though ( ราวกับว่า) เป็นต้น
Please submit the report by January 16 as I requested earlier.
He handled the situation in the way that I like.
Like every other student, Ladda had difficulty with tenses.


2) ข้อความแสดงสถานที่ (place) เป็นการอธิบายขยายความการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลัก เพื่อให้ทราบว่าเกิดขึ้นที่ใด คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น where ( ที่ที่) , wherever ( ที่ใดก็ตามที่) เป็นต้น
Put this document where it belongs.
We will accompany you wherever you go.



3) ข้อความแสดงเวลา (time) เป็นการอธิบายขยายความการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลัก เพื่อให้ทราบว่าการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ในประโยคนั้นเกิดขึ้นเมื่อใด ก่อนหรือหลังการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ใน adverb clause คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น as/while ( ขณะที่) , as soon as ( ทันทีที่) , since ( ตั้งแต่) , until/till ( จนกระทั่ง) , when ( เมื่อ) , whenever ( เมื่อใดก็ตามที่) , before ( ก่อนที่) , after ( หลังจากที่) , soon after ( ภายหลังไม่นาน) เป็นต้น
The woman slipped as she was getting off the train.
While we are considering your request, you should prepare all necessary documents.
I'll leave for the funeral as soon as the meeting ends.
The ASEAN summit has been postponed until the present crisis is over.
When the rain stops, we'll go out.


4) ข้อความแสดงเหตุผล (reason) เป็นการอธิบายขยายความเกี่ยวกับเหตุผลของการกระทำ/
เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลัก คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น as/since/because ( เพราะว่า) เป็นต้น
As I was feeling tired, I went to bed early.
I see my parents quite often as they live near me.
Since we had nothing better to do, we watched television the whole evening.
We decided to go out for a meal since there wasn't anything to eat in the house.


5) ข้อความแสดงจุดประสงค์ (purpose)
เป็นการอธิบายขยายความว่าการกระทำ/
เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลักมีจุดประสงค์ใด คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น so that/in order that ( เพื่อที่) เป็นต้น
I'll give her my email address so that she can contact me.

I spoke very slowly in order that the students could understand what I said.



6) ข้อความแสดงผล (result) เป็นการอธิบายผลของการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลัก คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น so ( ดังนั้น) , so … that/ such … that ( มากจนกระทั่ง) เป็นต้น
I have too much work to do, so I can't go to my friend's birthday party tonight.
He worked so hard that he became ill.
It was such lovely weather that we spent the whole day in the garden.

7) ข้อความแสดงความแย้งหรือตรงกันข้ามกัน (concession/contrast) เป็นการให้ข้อมูลที่แย้งหรือตรงกันข้ามกับการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ในประโยคใจความหลัก คำสันธานที่ใช้ เช่น although/though/even though ( ถึงแม้ว่า) , while/whilst/whereas ( ในขณะที่) เป็นต้น
Although/Though/Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
I like coffee while/whereas my husband likes tea.

8) ข้อความแสดงการเปรียบเทียบ (comparison) เป็นการอธิบายเปรียบเทียบความต่างระหว่างการกระทำ/เหตุการณ์ใน adverb clause ก

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

Conjunctions (conjunction)

.Conjunctions are words used to welding, including a complete sentence conjunctions are used to connect two sentences together. (Coordinating conjunction) conjunctions that precedes the independent clause complex sentence (subordinating conjunction) and conjunctions are pairs (paired.
1 coordinating conjunction

Conjunctions are words to show the relationship between the group of words or an independent clause in compound sentence such as and, but, yet, or, nor, neither, for,.If it is connected, so the independent clause in a compound sentence of the clause would be between these two and a comma, (comma) separated in the case of relatively short sentences connected. Can omit the comma
1) and used to represent the relationship of data added together (showing addition)

my husband and i are going to rayong this weekend.
My favorite pastimes are playing sports and listening to music.
I wrote to kimberly on tuesday and received. her reply on saturday morning.
january is the first month of the year, and december is the last.

2) but,.yet to show the relationship of conflicting information (showing concession or contrast)
these shoes are old but comfortable.
jane likes the piano but prefers to play the harpsichord.
carol is rich, but robert is poor.
mr. bartley. came to the party, but mr. and mrs. o'connor did not.

.3) or to show the relationship type chosen one (showing alternatives)
you can have the black kitten or the white dog.
You can email or fax us the details of the program.
She wants to watch tv or (. to) listen to some music.

4) nor,.neither used to mean the opposite, that is used to show the relationship or negative
.Means not both (showing no alternatives) Notice that when using the word, and neither significant nor negative lead sentence. Will have to switch to the president of the verb is said to be placed in front of the verb
laura has not left, nor is she planning to leave.
.these people are not insane, nor are they fools.
i was not happy, and neither were they.

5) for a show cause or reason (showing causes or reasons)
i went to bed, for i was tired.
. i'm taking an english class, for i want to improve my english skills.
i'm afraid i can't accept your invitation, for i have to go on a business trip to japan.

.6) so the display (showing results)
victor liked the necktie, so he bought it.
She felt hungry, so she took a lunch break.
John's car is in the repair shop, so he has to take a taxi to. work.



2 subordinating conjunction

.Conjunctions are words not independent clause / sentence reads as secondary (dependent / subordinate clause) types adverb clause to an independent clause / sentence thematic core. (Independent / main clause) in a complex sentence to show their relationship in such a manner.Place, time, logical arguments or different purpose. Comparison Conjunctions this group, such as if,.in a way that, where, wherever, when, before, because, since, so that, so, although, whereas, as ... as, more ... than, if, unless, etc. Words are part of the clause. not independent and a comma, (comma) between the two sentences


.1) The characteristic symptoms (manner) describes the symptoms or additional information about the action in the main clause. Conjunctions are used, such as (as), in a / the way that (a / the method), like (like),.unlike (not the same), as if / as though (as if), etc.
please submit the report by january 16 as i requested earlier.
he handled the situation in the way that i like.
like every other student, ladda had difficulty. with tenses.


2) Message Leave location (place) is the extension of the action / event in the main clause. In order to know what happened to it. Conjunctions are used, such as where (a), wherever (wherever), etc.
put this document where it belongs.
.we will accompany you wherever you go.



.3) message at (time) is the extension of the action / event in the main clause. To determine whether the action / event occur in that sentence. Before or after the action / event in the adverb clause conjunctions such use.(As)as soon as (soon as), since (Since), until / till (until), when (on), whenever (at any time), before (before), after (after), soon after (later stage. long), etc.
the woman slipped as she was getting off the train.
while we are considering your request,.you should prepare all necessary documents.
i'll leave for the funeral as soon as the meeting ends.
the asean summit has been postponed until the present crisis is over.
when the rain stops, we'll go out.

.
4) a rationale (reason) is described elaborating on the reasons for the action /
.The main event in a sentence Conjunctions are used, such as / since / because (I), etc.
as i was feeling tired, i went to bed early.
I see my parents quite often as they live near me.
Since we had nothing better to do, we. watched television the whole evening.
.we decided to go out for a meal since there wasn't anything to eat in the house.


5) Messages purpose (purpose)
describes an action that extends the /
event in mind, the main point of the sentence. make Conjunctions are used like so that / in order that (in order), etc.
.i'll give her my email address so that she can contact me.

i spoke very slowly in order that the students could understand what i said.



6) the result (result) is the result of the action. / events in mind, the main sentence. Conjunctions are used like so (so).so ... that / such ... that (until), etc.
i have too much work to do, so i can't go to my friend's birthday party tonight.
he worked so hard that he became ill.
it was such lovely weather. that we spent the whole day in the garden.

.7) inconsistent or contradictory messages. (Concession / contrast) to provide information to the contrary or opposite to the action / event in the main clause. Using conjunctions such as although / though / even though (even though), while / whilst / whereas (for a while) so
.although / though / even though it was cold, i went swimming.
i like coffee while / whereas my husband likes tea.

8) message comparison (comparison) is the comparison between the actions / events adverb clause. Tags

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

The conjunction (Conjunction)

A conjunction is a word that is used for welding, including a complete sentence using a conjunction joins two sentences together (the coordinating conjunction), a conjunction that clause is independent of the complex sentence (subordinating conjunction) and a double-word conjunction (paired.


1 Coordinating Conjunction is a conjunction used to connect to the relationships between words. Phrases or independent clause in a compound sentence, such as and, but, or, yet, nor, neither, for, So, etc. By an independent clause if it is linked in the compound sentence, these words are links between the two and clause with a comma, (comma) in case of connecting sentences relatively short. Can individual commas.
? 1) and display the relationship of supplementary data (showing addition)

My husband and I are going to Rayong this weekend playing My favorite pastimes are.
sports and listening to music.
I wrote to her and Kimberly on Tuesday received reply on Saturday morning is the first month
January. of the year, and December is the last 2

.) but, Yet represent the relationship of conflicting information (showing concession or contrast), but These shoes are comfortable old
.
Jane likes to play the piano but prefers the harpsichord.
Robert rich is Carol, but is poor. the party to Mr. Bartley came
, but Mr. and Mrs. O'Connor did not.

. 3) or use the relationships category one (showing alternatives), You can have the kitten
black or the white dog. You can fax or email us
the details of the program.
She wants to watch TV or listen to some music (to).

4), nor. Neither are used in opposite meanings or are used to show the relationship positively denied
.The both of them (showing no alternatives) notice that when using the term, which has neither meaning nor negative and rejected the sentence preceding the verb with the President, that is, switch to the wangkriya page, the President has not left nor
Laura, she is planning to leave.
. These people are not insane, nor are they fools. "I was happy and not
,
.
they were neither 5) for display reasons or reasons (showing causes or reasons)
I went to bed, for I was tired." I taking an English class
, for I want to improve my English skills.
I afraid I can't accept your invitation, for I have to go on a business trip to Japan.

. 6) so use display (showing results) the
necktie he liked Victor bought it, so She felt hungry so
., she took a lunch break in John car is.
the repair shop, so he has to take a taxi to work

2



Subordinating Conjunction. A conjunction is a word that is used to link dependent clause/sentence are secondary (dependent/subordinate clause), type of adverb clause with an independent clause/sentence make the main (independent/main clause) in a complex sentence to show relationships in various ways, including. The reason time around results intended to conflict with or vary, a comparison of the conjunction in this group, such as if, In a way that, where, wherever, when, before, because, since, so, so that, although, whereas, as ... as, more ... than, if, unless, etc. By following these links as part of an independent clause and does not contain a comma, (comma) separator between two sentence


. 1) message scenario (manner) to describe the characteristics, symptoms, or more information about how to perform a mind in the sentence. A conjunction is used as such (as), in the way that a/(a/by the way), like (like), Unlike (unlike), as if/as though (as if), Please submit a report by the
January 16 as I requested earlier. the situation in the
way He handled that I like, Like every other student.
Ladda had difficulty with tenses.


. 2) text display location (place) is to describe the extended actions/events are the main focus in the sentence to make that happen, where a conjunction used, for example, where (at), wherever (wherever that is), so this document belongs where it Put
.
. We will accompany you wherever you go.



3) text display time (time) is to describe the extended actions/events are the main focus in the sentence so as to know what actions/events that occur in the sentence before or after the action/event in clause adverb conjunction words used. (While), As soon as (once), since (since), until/till (until), when (if), whenever (wherever that is), before (before), after ( After that), soon after ( Not too long afterwards) as The woman as she slipped
was getting off the train we are considering your While.
request, You should prepare all necessary documents for
I leave. the funeral ends as soon as the ASEAN summit meeting has been The
.-postponed until the present crisis is over.
When the rain stops, we go out.
4)

message reason (reason) is to describe the extended action/reason
.Events in conjunction with the main sentence used as, for example,/because/since (because) I was feeling so tired As
, I went to bed early.
I see my parents quite often as they live near me Since we had nothing better.
to do, we watched television the whole evening.
. We decided to go out for a meal since there wasn't anything to eat in the house.


5) text display purposes (purpose)
is expanded to explain that the action/event in the main sentence, and
is intended. The conjunction used in that order, so that/(so) etc
. I give her my email address so that she can contact me I spoke very slowly

. in order that the students could understand what I said.



6) text display (result) is to describe the effect of the action/event in the main sentence. A conjunction is used like so (so), So that/such that ... ... (so) I too have so much
work to do, so I can't go to my friend birthday party tonight that He worked so hard
.-he became ill It was lovely weather.
such that we spent the whole day in the garden

. 7) message (s) or opposite (concession/contrast) is providing information that is inconsistent or contrary to the action/event in the main sentence. A conjunction is used, for example, even though/although/though (although), whilst/while/whereas (while).
. Although/Though/Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
I like coffee/tea while my husband likes whereas

. 8) shows a comparison (comparison) is to describe, compare the difference between the action/event in the adverb clause.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

conjunction (Conjunction)

conjunction is a word that is linked with the words which are used in conjunction with welding a sentence two complete sentences together (coordinating conjunction) conjunction with sentence prefix sub is not independent in complex sentence (subordinating conjunction) and a connective word-word pairs (paired


1 Coordinating Conjunction conjunction is used to show the relationship between the words and phrases connected independent sub in compound sentence such as and, but, yet, or, nor, neither, for,so, for example, if a sub-sentence compound sentence independent in the weld metal is located between these two clause and a comma , (comma) in the case where the sentence separator connected to each other. can be a relatively short comma.
1) used to indicate the relationship of the information and the accessories (showing addition)

My I and husband are going to Rayong this weekend.
My favorite pastimes are playing sports and listening to music.
I wrote to Kimberly on Tuesday and received her reply on Saturday morning.
January is the first month of the year, and is the last December.

2), but,yet it shows the relationship of a conflict (showing concession or contrast)
These shoes are old but comfortable.
Jane likes to play the piano but prefers the harpsichord.
Carol is rich, but Robert is poor.
Mr.Bartley came to the party, but Mr.and Mrs.O Connor' did not.

3), or used to indicate the relationship of one or the other. (showing alternatives)
You can have the black or the white kitten dog.
You can email or fax us the details of the program.
She wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music.

4) nor,neither in the sense opposite to or use in other words, the relationship denied
means that do not both. (showing no alternatives), make a note that when you use the word, and neither that nor is there will be a sentence prefix meaning rejection of the switch will be placed in other words, the Chairman of the reaction reaction
Laura has not provided the president left, nor is she planning to leave.
These people are not insane, nor are they fools.
I was not happy, and neither were they.

5) for the cause or the reason (showing causes or reasons)
I went to bed, for I was tired. '
I M taking an English class, for I English want to improve my skills. '
I M afraid I can 't accept your invitation, for I have to go on a business trip to Japan.

6.) so using display (showing results)
Victor liked the necktie, so he bought it.
She felt hungry, so she took a lunch break.
John' s car is in the repair shop, so he has to take a taxi to work.





2 Subordinating ConjunctionIs conjunction with welding sub sentence is not free/sentence secondary effect (dependent/subordinate clause) Type of adverb clause in the sentence independent sub/sentence main gist (independent/Main clause) in complex sentence to show the relationship in such a manner, such as:where the reason for the intended time conflicts or differences of a connective word comparison in this group such as if,In a way that, where, wherever, when, before, because, since, so that, so, although, whereas, as ... as, more ... than, if, unless, for example, the word is a part of a sentence will be welding these sub free and there are no commas, (comma) between two sentences


1) illustrates the message symptoms (manner) is a way to describe symptoms or more information about the characteristics of the act as follows: Main sentence conjunction used, such as as (as), in a/the way that (A/A), like (like the),unlike (not like), as if/as though (as though), etc.
Please January submit the report by 16 I as requested earlier.
He handled the situation in the way that like I.
Like every other student, Ladda had difficulty with tenses.


2.) text show where (place) to expand the description of the action/event in a sentence as follows: Main to know that occur at any conjunction used, such as where (a), wherever (at any time), etc.
Put this document where it belongs.
We will accompany you wherever you go.



3.) text displays the time (time) is the description of the action/event in order to know that the main gist sentence did/events that occur when a sentence in any before or after the act/event in conjunction with adverb clause such as(while) ,As soon as (now), since (from), until/till (until), when (when), whenever (at any time), before (before), after (after), soon after (later) etc.
The woman slipped as she was getting off the train.
While we are considering your request,You should prepare all necessary documents. '
I ll leave for the funeral as soon as the meeting ends.
The ASEAN summit has been postponed until the present crisis is over. When
the rain stops, we' ll go out.


4) message reason (reason) is the description of the reasons for the action/
Events in conjunction with a sentence as follows: Main use, such as as/since/because (because), etc.
As I was feeling tired, went to bed early I.
I see my parents quite often as they live near me.
Since we had nothing better to do, we watched television the whole evening.
We decided to go out for a meal since there wasn 't anything to eat in the house.


5), message purpose (purpose)
is the expansion of that explains the actions/events in a sentence as follows:
main purpose which is used, such as conjunction so that / in order that (to the) etc.
I' ll give her my email address so that she can contact me.

I spoke very slowly in order that the students could understand what I said.



6) Display message (result), as described in the act/event in conjunction with a sentence as follows: Main use, such as so (so) ,... so that / such that ... (more so), etc.
I have too much work to do, so 't I can go to my friend's birthday party tonight.
He worked so hard that he became ill.
It was such lovely weather that we spent the whole day in the garden.

7.) message inconsistent with, or contrary, (concession/contrast) is inconsistent with, or contrary to, the information on the actions/events in conjunction with a sentence as follows: Main use, such as although/though/even though (even though), while/whilst/whereas (while) etc.
Although/Though/Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
I like coffee while/whereas my husband likes tea.

8) message displays the comparison (comparison) as a comparison to explain the difference between the acts/events in adverb clause.