Studies on the small leaves. And the production of alcohol from leaves Leaves contain cellulose Most of the waste material that is not appropriate to use today have no idea either. The leaves change to a more useful, such as the leaves of the sugar glucose, which is a precursor in the production of ethanol
, but before I am. The leaves to produce sugar have to go through the process of pretreatment with acid or enzyme to the surface of the microbial cellulose entered into. The more easily digestible. Such reports Baig et al. (2004) studied the degradation banana agro-waste in the leaves and stems using enzyme cellulase from Trichoderma lignorum found that after 24 hours have produced reducing sugar is equal to 1.34 mg. / ml and found that the temperature and pH suitable for the production of reducing sugar temperature is 40 ° C and pH 6.0 and Shah et al. (2005) was cultured Phylosticta sp. MPS-001 and Aspergillus sp. MPS-002 in. Foods that are leaves And banana stem as carbon source Found that when cultured for 20 Nacional infection, both types of enzymes cellulase and reducing sugar highest part Jakobsson (2002) studied the optimum conditions to decompose wheat straw by the vehicle through a subsidiary. The sulfuric acid concentration of 0.2%, the temperature difference is 190, 200 and 210 ° C for 2, 5 and 10 minutes, then shall the enzymatic cellulase mixed with Novozyme A / S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) found. temperature 200 ° C for 10 minutes to produce the highest sugar glucose. Also
Milala et al. (2005) studied the use of waste agricultural produce enzymes cellulase from Aspergillus niger by the leaves and stalks of guinea corn, maize cobs, millet and rice husks drying and grinding. provided that such a pretreatment with sodium hydroxide concentration of 1% for 12 hours, adding hydrogen peroxide to a final concentration of 1% for 12 hours, washed spotted out with water distilled and dried, then conduct fermentation. Aspergillus niger is the third Nacional found that maize cobs for the production of the enzyme cellulase high with four picks, which is consistent with reports of Mishima et al. (2007) found that the leaves of water hyacinth and water lettuce was on. The pretreatment with sodium hydroxide to a concentration of 1% to the quantity. The glucose is higher than the leaves through the pretreatment and Chen et al. (2007) have in the corn cob to pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide concentration of 1% at a temperature of 180 ° C for 3 hours, then at the corn cob through. enzymatic pretreatment to cellulase from Trichoderma reesei ZU-02 and cellobiase enzyme from Aspergillus niger ZU-07 for 12-60 hours after 60 hours were digested with a corn cob. Cellulase enzymes and enzyme cellobiase reducing sugar production was equal to 119.3 g / l and 95.3 g / l, respectively, of Caparros et al. (2008) studied the small sunflower stalk using high heat. The temperature in the range 160-220 ° C at a temperature of 175-185 ° C showed the highest amount of sugar glucose 0.8-1.2 g / l In addition, Diamond et al (2535) is cultured Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. 4-45-IF in a straw, bagasse, corn cob and husk of the wheat and the plates were incubated at 40 ° C for 96 hours, found that the enzyme cellulase from Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius 4-45-. IF decompose rice straw r is inferior to most of the wheat and the corn husk, bagasse, corn cob. Degrading enzymes have very little There is also a report. The waste to produce ethanol as Arunwan (2547) studied the degradation of Vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides Nash 3 Eco Eco Stipe, Stipe is Sri Lanka. Eco Stipe Songkhla 3 and Eco Stipe Surat found that the enzyme cellulase from Aspergillus sp. Biodegradable dried leaves of grass Eco Stipe Sri Lanka reducing sugar content as high as possible and on the production of ethanol. ethanol by fermentation with the dried leaves of grass. Eco Stipe Sri Lanka 3% by volume of the enzyme cellulase from Aspergillus sp. And
Kluveromyces. thermotolerans condition shaking 125 rpm incubated at 40 ° C pH 5.0 showed that the amount of ethanol limit is 6.07 g / l and Srinorakutara et al. (2005) was a mask, it's the cassava utilization for. Ethanol produced by the hydrolyse acid such study found that when using
0.6 M sulfuric acid by a sub-set temperature of 120 ° C at a ratio of oily residue. The patch after the acid is 1: 2 to sugar reduced up to 6.1% (w / v) while using hydrolyse with enzyme found that the enzyme mixture of cellulase and pectinase that. temperature 28 ° C and pH 4.5 for one hour, followed by the enzyme α-amylase. Small temperature 100 ° C and pH 5.5 for two hours and the enzyme glucoamylase at 60 ° C and pH 4.5 for 24 hours is optimum conditions, which have sugar reduced 6.2% (w / v), and when appropriate. sugar made from digested pulp of the cassava enzyme with the sugar reduction of 8.92% (w / v) to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5596 in fermentor 10 liter volume of ethanol up. 3.62% (w / v) in 24 hours.
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