The process approach taken was initiated and tested in quite a similar way as in the southern Mali and western Kenya sites and consisted of a robust organizational composed of four phases (Fig. 1). <br><br>Each of the phases is characterised by a procedure, comprising multiple steps including varying number of methodological tools.<br><br> Many of the meth-odological tools draw on the principles of participatory rural appraisal (PRA; Theis and Grady, 1991; Chambers, 1992), rapid appraisal of agricultural knowledge systems (RAAKS) (Engel and Salomon, 1997), wealth ranking (Gradin, 1988) and mapping resources (Lightfoot et al., 1992). In that respect, PLAR can be compared to the farmer field school (FFS) approach used in integrated pest management (IPM) (van de Fliert, 1993). PLAR approach, the FFS approach does not explicitly deal with diversity and does not build on a longterm engagement of communities (Defoer, 2000).
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
