From the river to the seaQuattro ha

From the river to the sea
Quattro has been doing his part by slowly moving down the river systems to the ocean, collecting genetic data the whole way down. In the freshwater rivers, he has examined pygmy sunfishes, other sunfishes and basses. Closer to the sea, he has looked at short-nosed sturgeon, which spend most of their time in the estuary (where the river meets the ocean), but do venture up the river to spawn. And further downriver still, he has looked at shark pups.
South Carolina is a well-known pupping ground for several species of sharks, including the hammerhead. The female hammerhead will birth her young at the ocean-side fringes of the estuary; the pups remain there for a year or so, growing, before moving out to the ocean to complete their life cycle.
In the process of looking at hammerheads, Quattro, his student William Driggers III and their colleagues quickly uncovered an anomaly. The scalloped hammerheads (Sphyrna lewini) that they were collecting had two different genetic signatures, in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Searching the literature, they found that Carter Gilbert, the renowned curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History from 1961 to 1998, had described an anomalous scalloped hammerhead in 1967 that had 10 fewer vertebrae than S. lewini. It had been caught near Charleston and, because the sample was in the National Museum of Natural History, the team was able to examine it morphologically and suggest that it constituted a cryptic species -- that is, one that is physically nearly indistinguishable from the more common species.
After publishing the preliminary genetic evidence for the new, cryptic species in the journal Marine Biology in 2006, Quattro and colleagues followed up by making thorough measurements (of 54 cryptic individuals and 24 S. lewini) to fully describe in Zootaxa the new species, S. gilberti, named in Gilbert's honor. The difference in vertebrae, 10 fewer in the cryptic species, is the defining morphological difference.
Apart from the satisfaction of discovery, Quattro has established locations and genetic signatures for a number of closely related, yet distinct, species in South Carolina's rivers, estuaries and coastal waters. The results will go a long way in furthering efforts to accurately define taxonomy and evolutionary history for aquatic life.
His team's work also demonstrates the rarity of the new species. "Outside of South Carolina, we've only seen five tissue samples of the cryptic species," Quattro said. "And that's out of three or four hundred specimens."
Shark populations have greatly diminished over the past few decades. "The biomass of scalloped hammerheads off the coast of the eastern U.S. is less than 10 percent of what it was historically," Quattro said. "Here, we're showing that the scalloped hammerheads are actually two things. Since the cryptic species is much rarer than the lewini, God only knows what its population levels have dropped to.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

From the river to the sea
quattro has been doing his part by slowly moving down the river systems to the ocean, collecting genetic data the whole way down. in the freshwater rivers, he has examined pygmy sunfishes, other sunfishes and basses. closer to the sea, he has looked at short-nosed sturgeon, which spend most of their time in the estuary (where the river meets the ocean),.but do venture up the river to spawn. and further downriver still, he has looked at shark pups.
south carolina is a well-known pupping ground for several species of sharks, including the hammerhead. the female hammerhead will birth her young at the ocean-side fringes of the estuary; the pups remain there for a year or so, growing, before moving out to the ocean to complete their life cycle.
.in the process of looking at hammerheads, quattro, his student william driggers iii and their colleagues quickly uncovered an anomaly. the scalloped hammerheads (sphyrna lewini) that they were collecting had two different genetic signatures, in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. searching the literature, they found that carter gilbert,.the renowned curator of the florida museum of natural history from 1961 to 1998, had described an anomalous scalloped hammerhead in 1967 that had 10 fewer vertebrae than s. lewini. it had been caught near charleston and, because the sample was in the national museum of natural history, the team was able to examine it morphologically and suggest that it constituted a cryptic species - that is,.one that is physically nearly indistinguishable from the more common species.
after publishing the preliminary genetic evidence for the new, cryptic species in the journal marine biology in 2006, quattro and colleagues followed up by making thorough measurements (of 54 cryptic individuals and 24 s. . lewini) to fully describe in zootaxa the new species, s. gilberti, named in gilbert's honor.the difference in vertebrae, 10 fewer in the cryptic species, is the defining morphological difference.
apart from the satisfaction of discovery, quattro has established locations and genetic signatures for a number of closely related, yet distinct, species in south carolina's rivers, estuaries. and coastal waters.the results will go a long way in furthering efforts to accurately define taxonomy and evolutionary history for aquatic life.
his team's work also demonstrates the rarity of the new species. "Outside of south carolina, we've only seen five tissue samples of the cryptic species," quattro said. "And that's out of three or four hundred specimens."
.shark populations have greatly diminished over the past few decades. "The biomass of scalloped hammerheads off the coast of the eastern us is less than 10 percent of what it was historically," quattro said. "Here, we're showing that the scalloped hammerheads are actually two things. Since the cryptic species is much rarer than the lewini,.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

the river to the sea
From Quattro
has been doing his part by moving slowly down the river to the ocean systems, collecting genetic data the whole way down. The In freshwater rivers, he has examined pygmy sunfishes, and other sunfishes basses. Closer to the sea, he has looked at short-nosed sturgeon, which spend most of their time in the estuary (where the River meets the ocean,but do venture up the river to spawn. And still further downriver, he has looked at shark pups.
South Carolina is a well-known pupping ground for several species of sharks, including the hammerhead. The female hammerhead will birth her young at the ocean-side fringes of the estuary; the pups remain there for a year or so, growing, before moving out to the ocean to complete their life cycle.
The process of looking at In hammerheads, Quattro, his student William Driggers III and their colleagues quickly uncovered an anomaly. The scalloped hammerheads (Sphyrna lewini), that they were collecting had two different genetic signatures, in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Searching the literature, they found that Carter Gilbert,The renowned curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History from 1961 to 1998, had described an anomalous scalloped hammerhead in 1967 that had 10 fewer than S vertebrae. lewini. It had been caught near Charleston and, because the sample was in the National Museum of Natural History, the team was able to examine it and suggest that it constituted a morphologically cryptic species - that is,one that is physically nearly indistinguishable from the more common species.
After publishing the preliminary genetic evidence for the new, cryptic species in the journal Marine Biology in 2006, Quattro and colleagues followed up by making thorough measurements (of 54 individuals and 24 cryptic S.lewini) to fully describe the new species in Zootaxa, S.gilberti, named in Gilbert's honor.difference in The vertebrae, 10 fewer in the cryptic species, is the defining morphological difference.
Apart from the satisfaction of discovery, Quattro has established locations and genetic signatures for a number of closely related, yet distinct, species in South Carolina's rivers, estuaries and coastal waters.The results will go a long way in furthering efforts to accurately define taxonomy and evolutionary History for aquatic life.
His team's work also demonstrates the rarity of the new species." Outside of South Carolina, we' ve only seen five tissue samples of the cryptic species, "Quattro said. "And that's out of three or four hundred specimens."
Shark populations have greatly diminished over the past few decades." The biomass of scalloped hammerheads off the coast of the eastern U.S. is less than 10 percent of what it was historically," said Quattro." Here, we' re showing that the scalloped hammerheads are actually two things. Since the cryptic species is much rarer than the lewini,God only knows what its population levels have dropped to.