The chemical formulas of raw OPF and Eucalyptus are CH0.091O0.782N0.047S0.005, and CH0.101O0.869 respectively (Table 3).? That, is the O / C and H / C ratios in OPF are 0.782, and 0.091 respectively and they, are 0.869 and 0.101 in Eucalyptus. After. Undergoing thermal pretreatment the chemical, formulas for OPF in N2 and air at the temperature of 350 ° C were transformed. To CH0.050O0.223N0.027S0.002, and CH0.040O0.326N0.082S0.004 respectively whereas they, are CH0.048O0.281 and CH0.016O0.317. For Eucalyptus in N2, and air respectively. In, other words for OPF pretreated by N2 and air at 350 °, C the O / C and H / C. Ratios in the biomass became 0.223 and 0.050 as well as 0.326, and 0.040 respectively. It is obvious that hydrogen and oxygen. Contained in the biomasses were depleted to a certain extent from the pretreatment. The main components in non-condensable. Volatiles from the torrefaction of biomass were CO and CO2 whereas the, main components in condensable volatiles included. ,, H2O CH3OH HCOOH and CH3COOH (Prins et al, 2006b and Deng et al, 2009). In the aforementioned gases or, chemical components. The O / C and H / C ratios were much higher than those in the raw materials implying that, relatively more hydrogen and oxygen. Compared to carbon were released in the course of pretreatment. Hence the relative contents of H and O in the carbonized. Samples decreased.
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