Introduction Annatto tree (Bixa ore

Introduction
Annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.) is native to tropical South America. However, it is also cultivated in many countries in Central America, Africa and Asia. The main carotenoid found in its seeds is bixin (methyl hydrogen 9’- cis-6,6’-diapocarotene-6,6’-dioate, C25H30O4; Fig. 1a). Small amounts of norbixin (9’-cis-6,6’-diapocarotene- 6,6’dioic acid, C24H28O4; Fig. 1b) are also found. Bixin becomes the major carotenoid (80 %) of the annatto extracts. It is responsible for the reddish-orange color of the annatto seeds and their extract. Commercial annatto preparations have been added to numerous foods to impart yellow to red colors1–3. In addition, this pigment is used for textiles, varnishes, cosmetics, tattoos, and medicinal purpose4–7. Recently, natural bixin has been explored and used as a photosensitizer in organic solar cells8–10.

ผลลัพธ์ (แอฟริกา) 1:

Inleiding
Tree Annatto (Bixa Orellana L.) is inheems aan die tropiese Suid-Amerika. Dit is egter ook verbou word in baie lande in Sentraal-Amerika, Afrika en Asië. Die belangrikste karotenoïed gevind in sy sade is bixin (metiel waterstof 9'- cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioate, C25H30O4;. Fig 1a). Klein hoeveelhede norbixin (9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene- 6,6'dioic suur, C24H28O4;. Fig 1b) is ook gevind. Bixin word die groot karotenoïed (80%) van die Annatto uittreksels. Dit is verantwoordelik vir die rooi-oranje kleur van die Annatto sade en hul uittreksel. Kommersiële Annatto voorbereidings is bygevoeg tot talle voedsel te dra geel tot rooi colors1-3. Daarbenewens is hierdie pigment wat gebruik word vir tekstiele, vernis, skoonheidsmiddels, tattoos, en medisinale purpose4-7. Onlangs het natuurlike bixin verken en gebruik as 'n photosensitizer in organiese son cells8-10.