3. Results and discussionsXPS measu

3. Results and discussions
XPS measurements were conducted to confirm the presence
of the dopants in the Sb2S3 films. XPS samples were prepared
on glass plates and the resulting XPS spectra for Bi, Zn, Ti, Sb,
and S are shown in Fig. 1. The Bi 4f5/2 and 4f7/2peaks at binding
energies of 164 and 158.8 eV, respectively, are due to bismuth
sulfide [19]. Fig. 1(b) shows the XPS spectrum of Zn [19] in Zndoped
Sb2S3, where only one weak peak was obtained at a
binding energy of 1028.8 eV. The XPS spectrum of Ti shown in
Fig. 1(c) has a Ti 2p3/2 peak at an energy binding of 458.2 eV; the
binding energy is in good agreement with that of TieSb [20],
which indicates that Ti was successfully doped into the Sb2S3
lattice. Fig. 1(d) and (e) shows XPS spectra for Sb and S with the
different dopants. It was confirmed that doping changed the
spectra, which is evidence of successful elemental doping. Inparticular, Ti and Zn weakened and broadened the XPS peaks
of Sb and S. In contrast, Bi doping enhanced the XPS peaks of
Sb and S. In addition, Bi doping removed the shoulder peaks of
Sb (528.8 and 538.8 eV) and S (160.8 eV). The peak shift may be
due to the effect of the dopants; however, Bi doping did not
appear to affect the binding energy of Sb, which suggests the
formation of the Bi2S3 phase in the absorber layer instead of Bi
replacing Sb [19].
Fig. 2 shows TEM images of the Sb2S3-ETA layers on TiO2
nanoparticles. The Bi-doped Sb2S3 layer was very thick at over
20 nm (indicated by white arrows in Fig. 2(a)). In contrast, the
non-doped [8] and Ti and Zn-doped (Fig. 2(b) and (c)) Sb2S3 ETA
layers were very thin at ca. 1 nm. Therefore, the particle surface
of the Bi-doped Sb2S3 layer were relatively smaller than
those of the non-doped and Ti and Zn-doped Sb2S3 ETA layers,
which may decrease the surface state of Sb2S3 crystals and
cause the disappearance of the XPS shoulder peaks of Sb
(528.8 and 538.8 eV) and S (160.8 eV).
Fig. 3(a) shows UV/Vis absorption spectra with dopants
(5 at% for Ti and Zn, and 3 at% for Bi). Absorption coefficient
spectra (Fig. 3(b)) were calculated using the results of Fig. 3(a).

ผลลัพธ์ (แอฟริกา) 1:

Drie. Resultate en besprekings
XPS Metings is uitgevoer om te bevestig dat die teenwoordigheid.
van Die dopants in Die Sb2S3 rolprente. XPS Monsters is voorberei
op glas plate en die gevolglike XPS Spectra vir Bi, Zn, Ti, Sb.
en S word getoon in Fig. Een. Die twee 4f5 / 2 en 4f7/2peaks by bindend is.
energie van 164 en 158,8 eV, onderskeidelik, is te danke aan Bismut.
sulfied [19]. Fig. 1 (b) toon Die XPS spektrum van Zn [19] in Zndoped.
Sb2S3 waar slegs verkry op 'n hoogtepunt Een swak.
bindingsenergie van 1028,8 eV. Die XPS spektrum van Ti getoon in
Fig. 1 (C) het 'n Ti 2P3 / 2 Peak op 'n Energie Bind van 458,2 eV;. Die
. bindingsenergie is in 'n goeie ooreenkoms met dié van TieSb [20],
dui aan dat Ti is suksesvol wat gedoopte In Die Sb2S3.
Lattice. Fig. 1 (d) en (e) Programme XPS Spectra vir Sb en S met die.
verskillende dopants. Dit is bevestig dat die doping verander.
Spectra, wat is bewys van geslaagde Element doping. Inparticular, Ti en Zn verswak en verbreed Die XPS Peaks.
van Sb en S. In teenstelling, Bi Opkikkers die verbetering van die XPS Peaks van.
Sb en S. Daarbenewens Bi doping verwyder skouer Peaks van.
Sb (528,8 en 538,8 eV) en S (. 160,8 eV). Die Peak SHIFT mag wees
as gevolg van die uitwerking van die dopants;. egter Bi doping het nie
verskyn om die bindingsenergie van Sb, wat dui op die te beïnvloed.
vorming van die Bi2S3 fase in die Demper Layer in plaas van Bi.
vervanging van Sb [19].
Fig . 2 Programme TEM Foto's van die Sb2S3-ETA lae op TiO2.
nanoparticles. Die Bi-gedoopte Sb2S3 was baie dik op laag oor.
20 NM (aangedui deur Wit Arrows in Fig. 2 (A)). In teenstelling hiermee het die
Nie-gedoopte [8] en Ti en Zn-gedoopte (Fig. 2 (B) en (C)) Sb2S3 ETA.
lae was baie dun op ca. 1 nm. Daarom, die deeltjie oppervlak
van die twee-gedoopte Sb2S3 laag was relatief kleiner as.
dié van die Nie-gedoopte en Ti en Zn-gedoopte Sb2S3 ETA lae.
wat kan daal die oppervlak toestand van Sb2S3 kristalle en.
Laat die verdwyning van die XPS Skouer Peaks. SB
(528,8 en 538,8 eV) en S (160,8 eV).
Fig. 3 (a) toon UV / Vis absorpsiespektrums met dopants.
(5 by% vir Ti en Zn, en 3 by% vir Bi). Absorpsie koëffisiënt
Spectra (Fig. 3 (b)) is bereken deur die resultate van Fig. 3 (a).