Adoption of new accounting assumptions The preparation of financial statements 1. accrual (accrual basic) accounting transactions and events are recognized when they occur (earned), not when it is received or paid in cash (realized) or receive or pay something. which can turn into money for the future (realizable) In addition, various items are recorded in the financial statements and the period they are incurred sample sales are cash or to sell products on credit. Revenue happened if the transfer of risks and rewards is the essence of ownership to the buyer. So the recognition as income of the period. Based on the emergence of non-payment. The criteria for revenue recognition. But if customers pay in advance for goods. Unrealized income Because there is no transfer of risks and rewards is the essence of ownership to the buyer. This event will be recognized as deferred revenues. Or liabilities to pay in cash. Accrued expenses Costs already incurred If the service period. Even though it was paid in cash. Or has not paid them A charge in that period. Based on the non-recurring payment. If the cost is paid in advance. Costs did not occur. I have not been in that period, but have already paid. This event is recognized as an expense in advance. Or assets, using the accrual basis in preparing the financial statements. To make the information presented in the financial statements reflect the financial position and results of operations of the Company accurate than the cash (cash basic) The financial statements should present information that has already occurred in the past. Not showing the receipt or payment of cash. Or cash equivalents 2. continuing operations (going concern) the Company has no intention or need to liquidate. Or reduce the size of their operations significantly. This assumption is very important, if not this assumption. To determine the period Or periods can be very tricky. Because the Company can not predict whether and when to quit. In addition, the value of assets. May not use the original cost Or other suitable price But if the forced sale is expected to be liquidated in the near future. In addition to the problem of depreciation. Or amortization of asset deterioration. It is not possible to estimate the lifetime of the asset. And classified assets. And a list of current liabilities And not renewable You can not be recognized as a capital asset and amortized over the term appropriate if the entity has the intention or necessity that can not be applied to continue further. Such parties are in a state insolvent. Bankruptcy or be sued The Company may use other criteria for the preparation of the financial statements. But must disclose the facts about why the parties could not have applied to continuing operations. The disclosure of accounting criteria used in the preparation of the financial statements with the qualitative characteristics of financial statements, qualitative characteristics mean the features that make information in financial statements useful to users. Which include the following : 1. understanding. (Understandability) of the financial statements to be useful to users of financial statements for economic decisions should be understandable information to users of financial statements is based on the assumption that users of financial statements with knowledge. As it should be about the business of economic activity and accounting. The intention, according to the study. The preparation of financial statements, although the data is complicated. If the data is relevant to the decision. Companies have always shown in the financial statements. The need to hold that financial statement users to understand the information presented was 2. Decision (relevance) of useful data to be associated with decisions of financial statement users. The information relates to economic decisions when the information that enables users of financial statements to evaluate the events of the past, present and future, including confirmed or point out the errors of the past rate of users of financial statements. To specify that information such as how it is relevant to the decision to consider both. Presentation And a significant The presentation of information in financial statements must list information 2.1 and figures at least two periods compared. To be able to predict future events. To assess the past, present and future, even better 2.2. The financial statements need to be classified. The decision as to benefit the balance sheet if there is no division of assets and liabilities as current and non-current. You can not assess the liquidity, financial structure. And the ability to pay debts 2.3. Require a separate special or unusual items from the regular 2.4. To offer timely information for decision making. If the delay information Information that is useless or irrelevant to the decision of significance significance. It depends on the size of the item or the size of the errors that occur under specific conditions which need to be considered case by case, that does not mean that the financial statements to show a significant example Events after the balance sheet date. For example, companies need to close every year. But the early fire damaged plant 10 million baht to five thousand baht corruption case considered significant. Companies must disclose in the notes to the financial statements under the heading. Events after the balance sheet date Due to the size of the damage is significant. In case of the two parties are not required to disclose. Because of the damage was not significant example parties forget detected early depreciation of equipment last year, 10 million baht to improve the business case such as this year's. Due to the size of error significantly. If the Company does update Make a financial mistake. Such as inflated earnings Which may affect economic decisions. Users of financial statements If the amount is minimal and insignificant, it is not necessary to interrupt the cooking.
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