Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is

Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is the major yellow pigment extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) and is commonly used as a flavoring agent in food. Curcumin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities [1], and it has been reported as a potent inhibitor of mutagenesis [2] and carcinogenesis [3]. Curcumin is also a potent chemo-preventive agent inhibiting tumor promotion against skin, oral, intestine and colorectal cancer [4]. Importantly, curcumin has been shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cancer cell lines including HL60, K562, MCF-7, and HeLa cells [5–7]. The effect of curcumin, such as, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, receptor tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C [8], Akt [9–11], AP [12], cyclin D1 [13] and activation of p53 [14], has been reported.
Akt is a member of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH-kinase regulated Ser/Thr kinases (Akt 1, 2, 3). Full activation of Akt requires phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 by PDK1. Once activated, Akt in turn regulates a wide range of target proteins such as Bad [15], caspase-9 [16], glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3b [17] and XIAP [18], which regulate cell survival, proliferation and growth. It has been suggested that Akt inhibits apoptosis

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,, Curcumin or diferuloylmethane is the major yellow pigment extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) and is commonly used. As a flavoring agent in food. Curcumin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant 1 activities [], and. It has been reported as a potent inhibitor of mutagenesis [] and 2 carcinogenesis [3]. Curcumin is also a potent chemo-preventive. Agent inhibiting tumor promotion, against skin oral intestine and, colorectal cancer []. Importantly curcumin 4, has been. Shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cancer cell lines including HL60 K562 MCF-7 and,,, HeLa cells [5 - 7]. The effect of. ,, curcumin such as inhibition of nitric oxide synthase receptor tyrosine, kinase and protein kinase C [], [9 8 Akt - 11], AP. [], [12 cyclin D1 13] and activation of p53 [14], has been reported.Akt is a member of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH-kinase regulated Ser / Thr kinases (Akt,, 1 2 3). Full activation. Of Akt requires phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 by PDK1. Once activated Akt in, turn regulates a wide range of target. Proteins such as Bad [15], [], caspase-9 16 glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) - 3B [] and 17 XIAP [18], which regulate, cell survival. Proliferation and growth. It has been suggested that Akt inhibits apoptosis.