New Zealand (/ nju ː ˈ Zi ː L ə nd /; M ā ori: Aotearoa [a ɔ ˈ t ɛ a ɾ ɔ a]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country. Geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North Island or Te, Ika-a-M ā UI and the, South Island or Te, Waipounamu. ‒ and numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated, some 1500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and, roughly 1 000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific. Island nations of, New Caledonia Fiji and Tonga. Because, of, its remoteness it was one of the last lands to be settled. By humans. During its long isolation New Zealand, developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal fungal and, plant life;Most notable are the large number of unique bird species. The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks. Owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions.
Polynesians settled New Zealand in 1250 - 1300 CE and developed. A distinctive M ā ori culture. Abel Tasman a explorer was, Dutch, the first European to sight New Zealand in 1642 CE.[] The 12 introduction of potatoes and muskets triggered upheaval among M ā ori early during the, 19th century which led to. The inter-tribal Musket Wars. In 1840 the British and M ā ori signed a treaty making New Zealand a colony of the British, Empire. Immigrant numbers increased sharply and conflicts escalated into the New, Zealand WarsWhich resulted in M ā ori land being confiscated in the mid North Island. Economic depressions were followed by periods of. Political reform with women, gaining the vote during, the 1890s and a welfare state being established from the 1930s. After. World, War II New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty although the, United States. Later suspended the treaty.New Zealanders enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the world in, the 1950s but the 1970s saw a, deep recession. Worsened by oil shocks and the United Kingdom 's entry into the European Economic Community. The country underwent major. Economic changes during the 1980s which transformed, it from a protectionist to a liberalised free trade economy;Once-dominant exports of wool have been overtaken by dairy, and meat products, wine.
The majority of New Zealand s population. ' Is of European descent; the indigenous M ā ori are the, largest minority followed by Asians and non-M ā ori Polynesians, English,. M ā ori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages with English, predominant.Much of New Zealand 's culture is derived from M ā ori and early British settlers. Early European art was dominated by landscapes. And to a lesser extent portraits of M ā ori. A recent resurgence of M ā ori culture has seen their traditional arts, of carving. Weaving and tattooing become more mainstream.The country 's culture has also been broadened by globalisation and increased immigration from the Pacific Islands and, Asia. New Zealand 's diverse landscape provides many opportunities for outdoor pursuits and has provided the backdrop for a number. Of big budget movies.
New Zealand is organised into 11 Regional Councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government. Purposes;These have less autonomy than the country 's long defunct provinces did. Nationally executive political, power is exercised. By the Cabinet led by, the Prime Minister. Queen Elizabeth II is the country 's head of state and is represented by a, Governor-General. The Queen 's Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory);The Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing but in free association); and the Ross Dependency which is, New Zealand s territorial. ' Claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the, United Nations Commonwealth of Nations ANZUS Organisation for Economic,,, Co-operation and Development Pacific Islands, Forum and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
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