The political philosopher always thought that what we should do when faced with an awkward moral condition. When we have answered questions that need to be "selective" or "judge" in a difficult situation and a choice that is "fair," and most of the previous sentence. When the "Fair" That means that there is justice (righteousness) is less than or speaking, is the justice that many. Weights and measurements are the norm in judging Michael Sandel be the case that we have to decide. And propose guidelines for judging the ideological concept, which is to say, the order what they should do. ? When we have to decide what justice should we measure it? In the first chapter Sandel offers triple junction of ideas about justice, ie the highest welfare. (Popular utility) liberalism and moral welfare is taken into account, up to what would be most useful. Among the people most What makes people happy There is no happiness or misery strait. The aim of these benefits is the core of justice is a concept group. "Top Utilities" section in the second group. They take into account that we are being deprived of their basic right to human or not. If we look at what is the most serious one to face the deprivation of human rights. What is more is respect for human decisions that are voluntary. The concept of this group has been called "liberal" approach for the conclusion of a final judgment. It is derived from the definition of the good life by using our morality into a consideration. Concepts such as Aristotle's example in many cases as a bonus from the tax on bank executives have even managed to make their economy. Justice demands that people did not come out of envy that they had more money, but because the administration does not succeed, he must have won? The executives have argued that they do best. But it has several factors such as the economy worsened. They also have to bear the stress and pressure of the bank responsible. He stressed than others in society must therefore pay more. The next question is whether the stress of street sweepers that tomorrow will bring something to pledge to buy school uniforms for the children that are less than the amount or quality of stress management or not. (Which seems to be less in this case), we actually measure it. ? or the brake tram workers have five people in front. And you as the driver stopped the tram tracks, but not because it breaks apart. Turn chops to choose between one rail to the other with just one worker or a car, it ran straight into this case workers, five people lost their lives, most people choose one over. (Ask the students in the class of Sandel), but if it was another case. If you must choose between five people have died on us a chance to see the inside rail. If you push the fat man to cross the tracks will allow the car to stop. If we start to pick up, although difficult to lose one's life in exchange for five life alike. But the latter has something different to make the decision harder ... What is? Because he did not choose to do that. He was not willing to sacrifice yourself or not. Workers alone on the rails that separate them. He was not chosen as well. Or perhaps because we did not train that left only two choices, only the deaths of five people or one person is far more than our responsibility. ? There are many arguments to wait and see no clear weight to flag down. But at least from these two cases reflect the view of the number of people sentenced to death, which is nothing less than clear. (Popular utility) in the first case we can decide unanimously not hard. But in the second case We began to realize that when a fat man must die, it should be voluntary on his own. Even the popular utility to judge strictly by the number of people who must die. But what we must respect one another, it is the fundamental right to live his. (Liberal) provides another example from real events. When US troops to patrol operations for Taliban forces hiding in the valley. They come to blows with Afghan shepherd accidentally. A man armed with Baby The team captain must decide what to do with two shepherds. Finally, he decided to release the two of them go because something told him the moral level. But teammates and rescue units, including 19 officers dead, he has survived, but it meets the shoulder blades together. He later recalled that most stupid decisions in life. What was a mistake Some people blame repeat that team would be assured, however, that the shepherds would not say where the hide of American troops. But the shepherd killed That means fair or Perhaps the shepherds be constrained. Or to tell the hidden suffering of America's military. Or if the team leader knows that a shepherd of the Afghan spy. It was easy to pick the shepherd immediately. But he did lead He further information for the decision. But on condition that it not be done. In this case, the moral leader of the team that has brought sorrow to his life. He added that the popular utility that? Another 19 second kill to preserve life ... but at that. Justice is not easy to determine what the dilemma that popular utility. (Utilitarianism) Jeremy Ben Woodham (1748-1832) was a political philosopher who brought the justice. "Utilities popular" The principles of simplicity. And is a powerful utility Whatever makes the most people happy, enjoying the highest. That is the most we have taken a major consideration. The moral claim that it is the wish happiness of man, that is, the popular utility itself. Therefore, the principle itself is the main consideration to morality.
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