To accurately estimate real-world v

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second
of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation
of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous
emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) –
GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software
to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM).
On-road carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable
Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network.
The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous
emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO2 emission
through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling
improved the accuracy of the CO2 emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate
(with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO2 emission (n = 288) was 93%, with
90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The
research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road
grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO2 emission estimates.
The sensitivity of the CO2 emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening
and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile
could cause considerable error in real-world CO2 emission estimation.

ผลลัพธ์ (แอฟริกา) 1:

Werklike wêreld Voertuig Emission Skat akkuraat tot 1 Hz by die Road graad vir elke sekonde
van data moet gekwantifiseer. Versuim om Road graad inkorporeer kan lei tot meer of onderskatting
van die krag van 'n voertuig se uitset en dus veroorsaak onakkuraatheid in die oombliklike
Emission Skat. Hierdie studie stel 'n Eenvoudige Lidar (Light opsporing en wissel) -
GIS (Geografiese Inligting Stelsel) Road graad skatting metodologie, met behulp van GIS sagteware
om die Elevation vir elke Tweede van data uit 'n digitale terrein kaart (DTM) interpoleer.
On-Road koolstofdioksied. (CO2) vrystellings van 'n passasier is aangeteken deur Car Portable
emmisiemeting System (PEMS) oor 48 rondtes Deur 'n Urban-Traffic Network Test.
Die toets skoot was verdeel in 8 afdelings vir Mikro-skaal Ontleding. PHEM die oombliklike
Emission Model (Hausberger, 2003) is gebruik om die totale CO2 Emission Skat
Deur skoot en elke afdeling. Die toevoeging van die Lidar-graad GIS Road die PHEM modellering
verbeter die akkuraatheid van die CO2 Emission voorspellings. Skat die gemiddelde PHEM
(met Road graad) van die totale CO2 Emission PEMS gemeet artikel (N = 288) was 93%, met
90% van die PHEM skattings tussen 80% en 110% van die PEMS Opgeneem waarde. Die
navorsing dui daarop dat oombliklike Emission model met Lidar-GIS bereken Road
graad is 'n lewensvatbare metode vir die opwekking van Akkurate werklike wêreld Mikro-skaal CO2 Emission ramings.
Die sensitiwiteit van die CO2 Emission voorspellings Road graad is ook getoets deur die vermindering
en oordrewe die helling. profiele, en toon dat die veronderstelling n Flat Profiel
aansienlike foute kan veroorsaak kon in die werklike wêreld CO2 Emission skatting.