The 1990s saw a gradual detachment of the political society from the<br>civil society in Hong Kong. This trend had to do with new trends of development within the social movement industry, with a gradually<br>widening ideological gap between the political parties and the CSOs,<br>and with the CSOs’ disappointment with the performance and political<br>effectiveness of the elected legislators in the 1990s. These factors, however, were mutually reinforcing, leading to new forms of social movement in the 1990s and beyond.<br>When the District Boards (DBs) were first introduced in the 1980s,<br>many social activists saw participation in the DB elections as ‘wars of<br>position’ (Public Policy Research Centre 1985) that were vital to the future development of democracy and social movement in Hong Kong
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