The Silk Road is a series of trade

The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting East and West Asia by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. Geographically, the Silk Road was interconnected series of ancient trade routes connecting Chang’an (today’s Xi’an) to the West. Trade on the Silk Road was an important factor for the development of the great civilization of China, Japan, Egypt, Persia, Indian subcontinent, and Rome, and helped to lay the foundations for the modern world [1]. On the one hand, Chinese silk and culture were exported to the West, and on the other hand, advanced technologies, religions, cultures, economy, and other civilization activities were introduced to China via the Silk Road [1]. Historically, the trade route was initiated around 114 BC by the Han Dynasty, largely through the missions and explorations of Zhang Qian, although earlier trade across the continents had already existed. Till the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road became most flourishing with the comprehensive exchange of religions, sciences, militaries, business trades, and agriculture [2]. However, during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the economic center of China begun to move southward, and at the same time, business trades via sea routes become prevailing. Thereafter, the importance of the Silk Road started to decline. To the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the Silk Road became stagnant.

According to the recent archaeological documentation, the trade and cultural transmission routes along the Silk Road already existed long before Zhang Qian, and they had played an important role in culture exchanges in the prehistorical periods. For example, the hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) originated from the Fertile Crescent region in west Asia was introduced to the central part of China via the Silk Road about 4000 years ago [3] and [4]. To date, the routes and period of common wheat introduction to China is still in debating [2], [3] and [4]. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity and differentiation in the accessions of Aegilops tauschii Cosson collected in the fields of cultivated wheat as an accompanying weed, based on DNA fingerprints using genomic SSR molecular markers. The objective of this study was to explain the puzzle of how common wheat was introduced to China from a completely different angle.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Tristan.