Goodland, R.J.A. and Irwin, H.S., 1

Goodland, R.J.A. and Irwin, H.S., 1974. An ecological discussion of the environmental impact of the highway construction program in the Amazon Basin. Landscape Plann., 1: 123–254.

Started in 1970, the 6 368 km Transamazônica, the 2 465 km Perimetral Norte and the 1 747 km Cuiabá—Santarém highways lacerating the Amazon jungle are now nearing completion. Large-scale cattle ranching and peasant agriculture by thousands of government-assisted settlers are being officially hastened along these highways. The likely environmental consequences of these activities is discussed.

Human ecology and nosogeography. Diseases likely to increase due to increase in vectors; vectors encouraged by construction methods; route planning and known disease foci; effect of settlements, deforestation and agriculture on disease. Malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and verminoses: relation between indigenous and alloch-thonous human populations; remediation.

Amerindians. Lack of information on location and numbers even of already contacted tribes. Tribes to be disturbed by highways; governmental policy and the constitution. Effect of relocation on survival, national parks, disease, sedentary vs nomadic habits, money economy and education. Ecological perceptions and abilities of the Amerindian; their potential role in Amazonia.

Deforestation and agriculture. Direct and closed nutrient cycles in tropical wet forest, implications for vegetational management. Methods and degree of extirpation: erosion, laterization, decreased fertility. Pests and weeds competing with crops; adverse effects of fertilizer; lack of dry season or winter. Climatic change. Sustainable agroecosystems; fish, riparian communities, mixed tree plantations and refining methods. Ecological considerations of cattle raising.

Fauna and faunation. Unknown, rare and endangered taxa; occurrence, value and preservation, state of knowledge, population equilibria of pests, disease vectors, rodents. Role of faunation in nutrient dynamics. Use of faunation in forest ecosystem harvest and raising of indigenous fauna.

Flora and vegetation. Physiognomic types of vegetation; undiscovered species and their characteristics; species extinction by exploitation, regeneration of forest, conservation areas.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Goodland, RJA and Irwin, HS, 1974. An ecological discussion of the environmental impact of the highway construction program in the Amazon Basin. Landscape Plann., 1: from 123 to 254. Started in one thousand nine hundred seventy, the 6 368 km Transamazônica, the Perimetral Norte 2 465 km and 747 km Cuiabá-Santarém Highways 1 the lacerating the Amazon Jungle are now nearing completion. Large-scale cattle ranching and peasant agriculture by thousands of government-assisted settlers are being officially hastened along these highways. Environmental Consequences of the likely these activities is discussed. Human ecology and Nosogeography. Diseases likely to increase due to increase in vectors; vectors encouraged by construction methods; route planning and known disease foci; effect of settlements, deforestation and agriculture on disease. Malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and verminoses: relation between indigenous and alloch-thonous human populations; remediation. Amerindians. Lack of information on location and numbers even of already contacted tribes. Tribes to be disturbed by highways; governmental policy and the constitution. Effect of relocation on survival, national parks, disease, sedentary vs nomadic habits, money economy and education. Ecological perceptions and abilities of the Amerindian; their potential role in Amazonia. Deforestation and agriculture. Direct and closed nutrient cycles in tropical wet forest, implications for vegetational management. Methods and degree of extirpation: erosion, laterization, decreased fertility. Pests and weeds competing with crops; adverse effects of fertilizer; lack of dry season or winter. Climatic change. Sustainable agroecosystems; fish, riparian communities, mixed tree plantations and refining methods. Ecological considerations of Cattle Raising. Fauna and Faunation. Unknown, rare and endangered taxa; occurrence, value and preservation, state of knowledge, population equilibria of pests, disease vectors, rodents. Role of faunation in nutrient dynamics. Use of Faunation in Forest ecosystem Harvest and Raising of indigenous fauna. Flora and vegetation. Physiognomic types of vegetation; undiscovered species and their characteristics; species extinction by exploitation, regeneration of forest, conservation areas.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Goodland, the R.J.A. And, Irwin H.S, 1974. An ecological discussion of the environmental impact of the highway construction. Program in the Amazon Basin. Landscape Plann, 1: 123 - 254.

Started, in 1970 the 6 368 km Transamaz Yilmaz, Nica the 2 465 km Perimetral. Norte and the 1 747 km Cuiab and Santar Cafe - M highways lacerating the Amazon jungle are now nearing completion.Large-scale cattle ranching and peasant agriculture by thousands of government-assisted settlers are being officially hastened. Along these highways. The likely environmental consequences of these activities is discussed.

Human ecology and, nosogeography. Diseases likely to increase due to increase in vectors; vectors encouraged by construction methods; route planning and known. Disease foci;Effect, of settlements deforestation and agriculture on disease. Malaria onchocerciasis schistosomiasis trypanosomiasis,,,, And verminoses: relation between indigenous and alloch-thonous human populations; remediation.

Amerindians. Lack of information. On location and numbers even of already contacted tribes. Tribes to be disturbed by highways; governmental policy and the. Constitution.Effect of relocation on survival national parks,,,, disease sedentary vs nomadic habits money economy and education. Ecological. Perceptions and abilities of the Amerindian; their potential role in Amazonia.

Deforestation and agriculture. Direct and. Closed nutrient cycles in tropical, wet forest implications for vegetational management. Methods and degree of extirpation:? ,, erosion laterizationDecreased fertility. Pests and weeds competing with crops; adverse effects of fertilizer; lack of dry season or, winter. Climatic change. Sustainable agroecosystems; fish riparian communities, mixed tree, plantations and refining methods. Ecological. Considerations of cattle raising.

Fauna and faunation. Unknown rare and, endangered taxa; occurrence value and preservation,,, State, of knowledgePopulation equilibria of pests disease vectors, rodents. Role, of faunation in nutrient dynamics. Use of faunation in forest. Ecosystem harvest and raising of indigenous fauna.

Flora and vegetation. Physiognomic types of vegetation; undiscovered. Species and their characteristics; species extinction by exploitation regeneration forest conservation, of, areas.