mind. This basic configuration will

mind. This basic configuration will be considered the
basecase.
The second system has the same characteristics as the
first one, except that a lightshelf of highly reflective
material (r ¼ 0:80) has been placed according to the
dimensions of Fig. 4(b) in the view window area. The
third system is presented in Fig. 4(c); for this case
the device is an anidolic concentrator [14].
3.2. Testing conditions
The systems were modelled using Desktop Radiance,
and added to a prototype office of dimensions 800
(width)
1200 (depth)
270 (height) cm with the reference
working plane at 80 cm. The prototype is supposed
to be in the third floor of an office building placed at a
height of about 10m over the ground which has a
reflectance value r ¼ 0:20. The location studied is Tel
Aviv (32N 35E, standard meridian 30E) due to the high
concentration of office buildings found there.
Simulation dates presented here are 21 June and 21
December even though the experiment also included 21
March and September. Testing hours are 10, 12, 14 and
16 h. The four main orientations are tested, with skytype
CIE intermediate with sun, as mentioned in the
previous section.
This study aims at integrating evaluations for light
quality and quantity, since presenting only illuminance
data can be misleading if human factors are not
incorporated. It is a known fact that users will react to
correct the amount of light entering a space in order to
achieve visual comfort [15]. A first standard approach in
the simulations to potential human behaviour is the use
of automatic horizontal venetian blinds. They are
assumed to be lowered when the Radiance simulation
picture shows direct solar penetration (sunspot) over the
office’s floor beyond 1m from the view window. This
blinds system does not cover the clerestory part of the
devices.
A second approach to the qualitative issue of human
visual comfort is made through glare analysis. Glare
from large natural sources needs more research to
understand it; but a reasonable assessment can be given
with what is known today. For this study, the daylight
glare index (DGI) is used. This index was derived from
research for glare produced by artificial sources, but
tries to reconcile the fact that users can stand better
glare from natural sources [16].
Radiance provides routines to evaluate the luminance
of a given scene and assigns to it different glare indexes
as requested by the user. The evaluation of electronic
pictures to determine the presence of glare, through
methods unrelated to Radiance, has also been proposed
by Schiler to analyse through digitized video images,
real-life conditions in test offices and is based on
statistical analysis of pixel luminances [17]. For the
simulations of this study, the view point is 100 cm from
the window and faces it directly. It is an unfavourable
position, yet this proved to be a limiting condition from
presently accepted glare formulas.
3.3. Results and analysis
The results of the simulations are presented in Figs.
5–7. Even though hundreds of parametric simulations
were done in the original study, here the most
representative data of south orientation are shown.
The minimum acceptable horizontal illuminance for the
workplane is 300 lx, as required by Israeli standards [18],
while the upper limit illuminance is 4000 lx [19].
Fig. 5 presents year-round histograms for the
compared systems (basecase with and without blinds,
lightshelf and anidolic concentrator) taken at 200, 600
and 1200 cm from the view window. The histogram at
200 cm has its range of data from 0 to +4501 lx, while
those at 600 and 1200 cm range from 0 to +901 lx. From
them, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the systems
decreases significantly after 6m from the view window,
yet only the anidolic concentrator could keep illuminance
levels above the minimum limit at 1200 cm.
Fig. 6 presents illuminance line graphs for 21
December and 21 June for south orientation. Dashed
lines indicate the use of blinds; the window is presented
on the left-hand side of every graph. In them it can be
seen that the proposed geometry of the devices
accomplishes the goals for highly luminous climates of
providing shading at the front part of the room to
reduce the contrast between front and back of the room
(therefore, lowering the chances for glare). They also
confirm that the effect of the devices decreases after
600 cm. The sudden peaks observed are ‘‘sunspots’’ that
in reality would be less apparent.
Qualitative analysis is given through glare graphs in
Fig. 7, which also shows Radiance-generated pictures
for the basecase without blinds. Parametric simulations
were done for glare, but only few produced conclusive
results. In the graphs the view angle is on the x-axis, and
the DGI index on the y-axis. The grey area indicates the
values where DGI is acceptable. At noon the glare
pattern is nearly ‘‘symmetric’’ and at 16 h ‘‘asymmetric’’,
due to the asymmetric luminance distribution of the sky.
This could also be seen on the view inside the room,
depending on solar penetration (striking the floor or one
of the walls, respectively).
3.4. Discussion
This study focuses not on proposing novel systems
but on evaluating their potential application to highly
luminous climates. The quantitative evaluation in terms
of illuminance shows that the anidolic concentrator

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

mind. Basic Configuration Will this be considered the
Basecase.
The Second System has the characteristics Same as the
First one, except that a Lightshelf of highly reflective
Material (R ¼ 0:80) has been Placed according to the
Dimensions of Fig. 4 (b) in the view window area. The
third is System Presented in Fig. 4 (c); Case for this
Device is an Anidolic the concentrator [14].
3.2. Testing conditions
were modeled using Desktop Systems The Radiance,
and added to a prototype of Office 800 Dimensions
(width)? 1 200 (depth)? 270 (height) cm with the reference
Plane working at 80 cm. The prototype is supposed
to be in the third floor of an Office Building Placed at a
height of over 10m About the Ground which has a
reflectance Value R ¼ 00:20. Location is the studied Tel
Aviv (32N 35E, 30E standard Meridian) Due to the High
concentration of Office Buildings Found there.
Simulation Dates Presented here are 21 June and 21
December even though the experiment also included 21
March and September. Testing hours are 10, 12, 14 and
16 H. The Four Main orientations are tested, with Skytype
CIE Intermediate with Sun, as mentioned in the
previous section.
This Study aims at integrating evaluations for Light
Quantity and quality, since only presenting illuminance
Data Can be misleading if Human factors are not
Incorporated. It is a Known Fact that Will Users React to
correct the amount of Light entering a Space in Order to
Achieve Visual Comfort [15]. First A standard approach in
the simulations to potential Human behavior is the use
of Automatic horizontal Venetian Blinds. They are
assumed to be lowered when the Radiance Simulation
Picture shows Penetration Solar Direct (sunspot) over the
Office's floor Beyond 1m from the View Window. This
does not Blinds System Cover the clerestory Part of the
Devices.
A Second qualitative approach to the Issue of Human
Visual Comfort is Made Through Glare Analysis. Glare
from Large Natural sources more Research Needs to
Understand it; Assessment Can be Given a reasonable but
with what is Known today. For this Study, the daylight
Glare index (DGI) is used. This index was derived from
Research for Glare produced by artificial sources, but
tries to Reconcile the Fact that Users Can stand better
Glare from Natural sources [16].
Radiance provides routines to evaluate the luminance
of a Given Scene and assigns to it different Glare indexes.
as requested by the user. The evaluation of Electronic
pictures to Determine the Presence of Glare, Through
methods unrelated to Radiance, has also been Proposed
by Schiler to analyze Through digitized Video images,
Real-Life conditions in Test offices and is based on
Statistical Analysis of pixel luminances [17]. . For the
simulations of this Study, the View Point is 100 cm from
the Window and faces it directly. It is an Unfavourable
position, yet this proved to be a limiting condition from
Glare presently accepted formulas.
3.3. Analysis and results
The results of the simulations are Presented in Figs.
5-7. Even though hundreds of Parametric simulations
were done in the Original Study, here the Most
representative Data of South orientation are shown.
The Minimum acceptable horizontal illuminance for the
workplane is 300 lx, as required by Israeli Standards [18],
while the Upper Limit illuminance. is 4000 lx [19].
Fig. 5 Presents year-round for the histograms
compared Systems (Basecase with and Without Blinds,
Lightshelf and Anidolic concentrator) taken at 200, 600
and 1200 cm from the View Window. The histogram at
200 cm has its Range of Data from 0 to +4501 lx, while
those at 600 cm and twelve hundred Range from 0 to +901 lx. From
them, Can it be seen that the effectiveness of the Systems
decreases significantly after 6m from the View Window,
yet only the concentrator could Anidolic Keep illuminance
levels at 1,200 cm above the Minimum Limit.
Fig. Presents 6 illuminance line graphs for 21
December and 21 June for South orientation. Dashed
Lines indicate the use of Blinds; Presented is the Window
on the left-Hand Side of every graph. In them it Can be
seen that the Proposed Geometry of the Devices
accomplishes the goals for highly Luminous climates of
providing Shading at the Front Part of the Room to
Reduce the contrast between Front and Back of the Room
(therefore, lowering the chances for Glare). . They also
Confirm that the Effect of the Devices decreases after
600 cm. The Sudden Peaks are observed '' sunspots '' that
would be less apparent in Reality.
Qualitative Analysis is Given Glare Through graphs in
Fig. 7, which also shows Radiance-Generated pictures
for the Basecase Without Blinds. Parametric simulations
were done for Glare, but only produced few conclusive
results. The graphs in the x-axis the View Angle is on, and
the Y-axis on the DGI index. The Grey Area Indicates the
values ​​where DGI is acceptable. At Noon the Glare
Pattern is nearly '' symmetric '' and at 16 H '' asymmetric '',
Due to the asymmetric luminance Distribution of the Sky.
This could also be seen on the View Inside the Room,
depending on Solar Penetration (Striking. the floor or one
of the Walls, respectively).
3.4. Discussion
This Study focuses not on Proposing novel Systems
but on evaluating their potential to highly Application
Luminous climates. The quantitative evaluation in terms
of illuminance shows that the Anidolic concentrator.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Mind. This basic configuration will be considered the
.
basecase The second system has the same characteristics as the
first. One except that, a lightshelf of highly reflective
material (R ¼ 0: 80) has been placed according to the
dimensions of, Fig. 4 (b) in the view window area. The
third system is presented in Fig. 4 (c); for this case
the device is an anidolic concentrator. []. 14
3.2.Testing conditions
The systems were modelled using Desktop Radiance
and, added to a prototype Office of dimensions 800
(width)
1200. (depth)
270 (height) cm with the reference
working plane at 80 cm. The prototype is supposed
to be in the third floor of. An office building placed at a
height of about 10m over the ground which has a
reflectance value R ¼ 0: 20. The location. Studied is Tel
.Aviv (32N 35E standard meridian, 30E) due to the high
concentration of office buildings found there.
Simulation dates presented. Here are 21 June and 21
December even though the experiment also included 21
March and September. Testing hours are 10 12 14 and
16,,, H. The four main orientations, are tested with skytype
CIE intermediate with sun as mentioned, in the
previous section.
.This study aims at integrating evaluations for light
quality, and quantity since presenting only illuminance
data can be. Misleading if human factors are not
incorporated. It is a known fact that users will react to
correct the amount of light. Entering a space in order to
achieve visual comfort [15]. A first standard approach in
the simulations to potential human. Behaviour is the use
.Of automatic horizontal Venetian blinds. They are
assumed to be lowered when the Radiance simulation
picture shows direct. Solar penetration (sunspot) over the
office 's Floor beyond 1m from the view window. This
blinds system does not cover the. Clerestory part of the
.
devices A second approach to the qualitative issue of human
visual comfort is made through glare. Analysis. Glare
.From large natural sources needs more research to
understand it; but a reasonable assessment can be given
with what is. Known today. For, this study the daylight
glare index (DGI) is used. This index was derived from
research for glare produced. By, artificial sources but
tries to reconcile the fact that users can stand better
glare from natural sources [16].
.Radiance provides routines to evaluate the luminance
of a given scene and assigns to it different glare indexes
as requested. By the user. The evaluation of electronic
pictures to determine the presence, of glare through
methods unrelated, to Radiance. Has also been proposed
by Schiler to analyse through digitized video images
real-life, conditions in test offices and is. Based on
.Statistical analysis of pixel luminances [17]. For the
simulations of, this study the view point is 100 cm from
the window. And faces it directly. It is an unfavourable
position yet this, proved to be a limiting condition from
presently accepted. Glare formulas.
3.3. Results and analysis
The results of the simulations are presented in Figs.
5 - 7. Even though hundreds. Of parametric simulations
.Were done in the original study here the, most
representative data of South orientation are shown.
The minimum acceptable. Horizontal illuminance for the
workplane is, 300 LX as required by Israeli standards [18],
while the upper limit illuminance. Is 4000 LX [19].
Fig. 5 presents year-round histograms for the
compared systems (basecase with and, without blinds
.Lightshelf and anidolic concentrator), taken at 200 600
and 1200 cm from the view window. The histogram at
200 cm has its. Range of data from 0 to, 4501 LX while
those at 600 and 1200 cm range from 0 to 901 LX. From
them it can, be seen that. The effectiveness of the systems
decreases significantly after 6m from the, view window
yet only the anidolic concentrator. Could keep illuminance
.Levels above the minimum limit at 1200 cm.
Fig. 6 presents illuminance line graphs for 21
December and 21 June for South. Orientation. Dashed
lines indicate the use of blinds; the window is presented
on the left-hand side of every graph. In them. It can be
seen that the proposed geometry of the devices
accomplishes the goals for highly luminous climates of
.Providing shading at the front part of the room to
reduce the contrast between front and back of the room
(therefore lowering,, The chances for glare). They also
confirm that the effect of the devices decreases after
600 cm. The sudden peaks observed. Are '' sunspots' 'that
in reality would be less apparent.
Qualitative analysis is given through glare graphs in
, 7 Fig.