Neuropsychological characteristicsA

Neuropsychological characteristics
Adults with bipolar disorder in remission show
deficits in attention, visuospatial and verbal
memory and executive functioning [59]. Similar
deficits have been found in studies of paediatric
bipolar disorder. In a meta-analysis of neuropsychological
studies in which cases of paediatric bipolar
disorder were compared with normal controls,
Joseph et al. [60] found effect sizes of 0.77 for
verbal memory, 0.62 for attention and executive
functioning and 0.6 for working memory. Effect sizes
for other functions were smaller, specifically: 0.51
for visual memory, 0.48 for visual perceptual skills,
0.45 for verbal fluency, 0.4 for reading, 0.33 for
motor speed and 0.32 for intelligence quotient.
Young people with bipolar disorder have
been found, in a series of studies, to show
impaired cognitive flexibility as assessed by neuropsychological
tests such as the intradimensional/
extradimensional shift task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological
Testing Automated Battery [61–64].
There is also evidence that these difficulties are
specific to bipolar disorder and are not shown by
young people with SMD [62]. Cognitive flexibility
deficits may underpin aberrant reward processing
which in turn may partially explain manic and
depressive symptoms.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Neuropsychological characteristics
Adults with Bipolar Disorder in remission show
deficits in Attention, visuospatial and verbal
memory and executive functioning [59]. Similar
deficits Have been Found in Studies of Paediatric
Bipolar Disorder. In a meta-analysis of neuropsychological
Studies in which Cases of Paediatric Bipolar
Disorder were compared with normal Controls,
Joseph et AL. [60] Found Effect sizes of 0.77 for
verbal memory, 0.62 for Attention and executive
functioning and 0.6 for Working memory. Effect sizes
for Other functions were smaller, specifically: 0.51
for Visual memory, 12:48 a.m. for Visual Perceptual Skills,
0.45 for verbal Fluency, 0.4 for Reading, 00:33 for
Motor speed and 12:32 a.m. for Intelligence quotient.
Young People with Bipolar Disorder Have
been Found, in. a Series of Studies, to show
impaired cognitive Flexibility As Assessed by neuropsychological
tests Such As The Intradimensional /
extradimensional Shift Task of The Cambridge Neuropsychological
Testing Automated Battery [61-64].
There is also Evidence that these difficulties are
Specific to Bipolar Disorder and are. Not shown by
Young People with SMD [62]. Flexibility cognitive
deficits May underpin reward Aberrant processing
which in turn partially May Explain manic and
depressive symptoms.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Neuropsychological characteristics
Adults with bipolar disorder in remission show
deficits in attention visuospatial and,, Verbal
memory and executive functioning [59]. Similar
deficits have been found in studies of paediatric
bipolar, disorder. In a meta-analysis of neuropsychological
studies in which cases of paediatric bipolar
disorder were compared with normal. Controls
Joseph, et al.[] found 60 effect sizes of 0.77 for
verbal memory 0.62 for, attention and executive
functioning and 0.6 for working, memory. Effect sizes
for other functions, were smaller specifically: 0.51
for visual memory 0.48 for, visual perceptual skills
0.45,, For verbal fluency 0.4 reading 0.33, for, for
motor speed and 0.32 for intelligence quotient.
Young people with bipolar. Disorder have
been, foundIn a series, of studies to show
impaired cognitive flexibility as assessed by neuropsychological
tests such as the intradimensional /
extradimensional. Shift task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological
Testing Automated Battery [61 - 64].
There is also evidence that these difficulties. Are
specific to bipolar disorder and are not shown by
young people with SMD [62]. Cognitive flexibility
.Deficits may underpin aberrant reward processing
which in turn may partially explain manic and
depressive symptoms.