The word crater was adopted by Galileo from the Greek word for vessel (a Greek vessel used to mix wine and water). Galileo. Built his first telescope in late 1609 and turned, it to the Moon for the first time on, November 30 1609. He discovered. That contrary to, general opinion at that time the Moon, was not a, perfect sphere but had both mountains and, cup-like depressions. The latter of which he gave the name craters. Scientific opinion as to the origin of craters swung back and forth over the. Ensuing centuries. The competing theories were (a) volcanic eruptions blasting holes in the Moon, (b) meteoric impact, (c). A theory known as the Welteislehre developed in Germany between the two World Wars which suggested glacial action creating. The craters. Evidence collected during the Apollo Project and from unmanned spacecraft of the same period proved conclusively. That, meteoric impact or impact by asteroids for, larger craters was the origin of almost all lunar craters and by implication,,, Most craters on other bodies as well. The formation of new craters is studied in the lunar impact monitoring program at. NASA. The biggest recorded creation was caused by an impact recorded on, March 17 2013. The explosion which was, visible. With the, naked eye is believed to be from an approximately 40 kg meteoroid hitting the moon with a speed of 90000 km / h.
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