Instructional design (Instructional Design)The meaning of design teaching (Instructional Design) Instructional design (Instructional Design) is the leading scientific principles applied systematically to design or planning the most effective teaching. Principles of designing teaching (Instructional Design) is suggested. Guidelines for effective For teachers or teaching intelligent design (Instructional Designer), has. Success in design and guidelines for data collection, research and experiences in the design of teaching (Instructional Design) to apply existing knowledge to a variety of learners.Instructional design (Instructional Design) is a process for the preparation of a teaching program and the scientific principles that are about the person's entire learning process and it is necessary and indispensable to design teaching which is missing something.How to remove a system or systems to be used in teaching, which contains the input data (Input), a process (Process) and output (Output), such as teaching, there will be a smaller element, such as teachers, students, media teaching system system. The system of selecting and using Photoshop or to learn which of these sub units. Able to work in their official duties, are free but if its units are changed, it will affect other units with materials that are designed by using the system (Systematic approach) has extensive trial. Teaching procedures have been defined, for example, has set the objective to design a complex behaviour, activities and learn how to use the knowledge to be able to respond to the differences between individuals, such as age, gender, the rate of learning to learn competence in intellectual interests. Specialized in accordance with The original experience, as well as the cultural basis on which teachers and students of educational technology will play an important role in the development of instructional systems design.Instructional systems design has educators.The files and the Baker (W. James Popham, and Baker, 1970) is a system designed to teach the 4 steps. Is as follows:1. define objectives.2. basic considerations participants.3. planning of teaching activities.4. evaluationBera and the Cabinet (Brown and others, 1986), is a teaching system which focuses on giving participants a learning center and an analysis of the learner to be able to manage the teaching and learning that meet the needs of participants. The details are as follows:-Goals (goals) in teaching or training, based on the need to have a purpose. The aim, which is the purpose of these will need to be written as a aims to learn, which is divided into three aspects:1. the phutthi radar (Cognitive Domain) associated with the requisite knowledge and understanding. Analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.2. the mental radar (Affective Domain) associated with attitudes and feel fancy, such as feeling grateful towards the music, or art, etc.3. radar skills (Psychomotor Domain) is about skills, such as skills, soccer skills, or skills, the invention of the alphabet, etc.-Condition (Conditions) refer to learning experiences that equip students. Can make learners achieve the objective set by the principle that "learning is a process that originates from manual acts, both physical and mental," therefore, choose the form of experience and activity where participants can achieve the objectives set.And consistent with the patterns of learners it is important.-Resources (Resources) such as the main component of the teaching and management, which include: the physical environment that is conducive to learning in an effective learning materials and equipment, including personnel, including teachers library media specialists and other UCLA, which affect directly or indirectly the cause of learning.-Results (Outcomes) are the result of activities such as scripted lessons, achievement of learners who will collect data and then taken as an adjustment to make teaching and learning more effective.By Laz and Eva Lee (Gerlach and Ely, 1980) has proposed a model of teaching, which contains 10 elements:1. define a purpose (Specification of Objectives) the objective is to determine whether the student should be able to do anything.2. set the content (Specification of Content), select the content that can let students reach the objectives set.3. consider the original base of participants (Assessment of Entering Behaviors) to know the basic knowledge or experience of the participant to make an instructor can take those things into consideration before putting lesson plans. By analyzing the differences between the individuals (Individual differences), in which you can search for information from.1. Notes the information (Use of Available Records), such as records accumulate, which saves the results of the study, such as intelligence, language and reasoning, as well as information about personality.2. the teacher-generated quiz (Teacher-Designed Pretest) in order to test the basic knowledge or experience of learning about a subject to teach. Allows instructors to be (Learners ' abilities). In accordance with demands of the learners (Aptitudes) will be to introduce students and planning experience to learn in the future.4. เลือกยุทธศาสตร์และเทคนิคการสอน (Determination of Strategy andTechniques) คือ วิธีการที่ครูใช้ในการให้ข้อมูล ในการเลือกแหล่งการเรียนรู้ และบทบาทของผู้เรียน ที่จะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนสามารถบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ที่ตั้งไว้ ซึ่งวิธีการดังกล่าวแบ่งได้เป็น 2 ประเภท คือ1. การบรรยาย (Expository Approach) จะเป็นวิธีการสอนแบบดั้งเดิม ที่เน้นครูเป็นผู้นำเสนอข้อมูลต่าง ๆ2. วิธีการสืบเสาะหาความรู้ (Inquiry Approach) วิธีการนี้บทบาทของครูจะเป็นผู้อำนวยการในการจัดประสบการณ์ โดยการตั้งคำถาม สร้างเงื่อนไขให้ผู้เรียนได้เสาะแสวงหาคำตอบในการแก้ปัญหา โดยใช้ ข้อมูล ตำรา หนังสือ วัสดุ และผู้เรียนจะต้องพยายาม รวบรวม (Organize) จัดระบบข้อมูล ความรู้ต่าง ๆ โดยผู้เรียนจะต้องทำกิจกรรมด้วยตัวเอง (Active participations) ในที่สุดจะได้เป็นข้อสรุปที่สามารถนำไปใช้ในการวางแผนการดำเนินการเรียนการสอนได้5. จัดกลุ่มผู้เรียน (Og
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