1.Cosmetics are care substances use

1.Cosmetics are care substances used to enhance the appearance or odour of the human body.

2.They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, many being synthetic

3.In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics defines cosmetics as “intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance without affecting the body’s structure or functions.

4.Cosmetic preparations include skin care preparation, creams, lotions, emollients and de-pigmentation agents like hydroquinone

5.Most of the preparations bleach the skin and eventually pose potential risk to the health of the users.

6.The most active chemicals in creams, lotions, emollients which lighten the skin are mercury and hydroquinone although other ones like Dimethicone, Ceteareth 20, Citric acid, Benzophenone, Kojic acid, Cinnamomum Subavenium a Chinese herb, Azclaicacid, Arbutin, Vitamin C and its forms (ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are considered an effective antioxidant for the skin and help to lighten the skin), Propyl paraben, etc., are also chemicals contained in the bleaching products

7.The human skin colour is determined by the amount of melanin produced.

8.In the ages ago, humans have constantly labeled and stereotyped each other on the basis of skin colour.

9.The quest for lightening of skin in most African communities came as a result of discrimination on the black races.

10.Since fairness is regarded as beauty and highly social status, most women in African and Asian communities indulge in skin care products that lighten the skin

11.Hydroquinone is considered the primary topical ingredients for inhibiting melanin production

12.Inhibition of the enzy-matic activity of tyrosinase by competitive inhibitors results in decreased or absent melanin synthesis by the melanocytes in human skin

13.Cosmetic skin lightening products containing hydroquinone often have a strident scent reminiscent of bleach.

14.According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and World Health Organization (WHO), non prescription skin-lightening creams can contain up to 2% hydroquinone.

15.Some concerns about this chemical safety on skin have been expressed, but the research when it comes to topical application indicates negative reactions are minor or as result of using extremely high concentrations

16.Hydroquinone are unsafe for use because it increase the risk of developing skin cancers from sun exposure, thus it makes one skin more sensitive to the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays.

17.It has been banned in some countries like France because of fears of cancer risk (Belezal-Sandra, 2012), also in section 5 and 29 of 1995 cosmetic product regulation in Nigeria, has prohibited the use of bleaching agents which includes hydroquinone and mercury.

18.It can harm the reproductive system and damages the immune system.

19.It has numerous unfavorable effects with long-term application, including irritative dermatitis, melanocyte destruction, contact dermatitis and ochrono-sis

20.It can be irritant particularly in higher concentrations of 4% or greater

21.Many skin whiteners contain toxic mercury such as mercury (II) chloride or ammoniated mercury as the active ingredients.

22.Some of these creams may contain up to more than 2-5% mercury that will be harmful to health thus resulting in mercury poisoning

23.However, mercury has been banned in most countries for use in skin whitening (1976 in Europe, 1990 in USA) because it accumulates on skin and it can have the opposite results in the long term.

24.Some studies suggest that long term use could cause systemic absorption that leads to tissue accumulation of the substance.

25.Mercury is a highly volatile element with a long atmospheric half-life.

26.As a result of these physical properties, it is ubiquitous in the environment and exposure is not an isolated concern but rather a global threat to human health.

27.In recent years, research has revealed that even chronic exposure to very low concentrations has the ability to cause long-lasting neurological and kidney impairment

28.Mercury and its compounds are toxic compounds. Toxic effects especially in the case of methylmercury may be taking place at lower concentrations.

29.It is a poison for the nervous system.

30.Exposure during pregnancy is of most concern, because it may harm the development of the unborn baby’s brain

31.Some studies suggest that small increase in exposure may affect the heart and circulatory system.

32.Mercury containing cosmetics preparation has been represented for many years as skin bleaching agents.

33.Toning creams containing mercury in the form of inorganic mercury are mainly used by dark skinned people mostly in developing countries like Nigeria to lighten their skin tone thus inhibiting the production of the skin

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Substances are used to 1.Cosmetics Care Enhance the appearance or odor of the Human Body. 2.They are generally mixtures of Chemical compounds, being derived from Natural Some sources, many being synthetic 3.In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (. FDA), which regulates cosmetics defines cosmetics as "intended to be Applied to the Human Body for Cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance Without affecting the Body's structure or functions. 4.Cosmetic preparations include Skin Care Preparation, creams, lotions,. emollients and de-pigmentation agents like hydroquinone 5.Most of the preparations and eventually Pose Skin Bleach the potential risk to the Health of the Users. 6.The Most active chemicals in creams, lotions, emollients which are Lighten the Skin Although Mercury and hydroquinone. other ones like Dimethicone, Ceteareth 20, Citric acid, Benzophenone, Kojic acid, Cinnamomum Subavenium a Chinese herb, Azclaicacid, Arbutin, Vitamin C and its forms (ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are considered an effective antioxidant for the skin and help to lighten. the Skin), Propyl Paraben, etc., are also the bleaching chemicals Contained in Products 7.The Human Skin Colour is determined by the amount of melanin produced. 8.In the ages ago, Humans have constantly labeled and stereotyped each on the Other. basis of Skin Colour. 9.The Quest for Lightening of Skin Most African communities Came in as a Result of discrimination on the Black Races. 10.Since fairness is regarded as highly social Beauty and Status, African and Asian communities in Most Women Indulge in. Skin Care Products that the Lighten Skin 11.Hydroquinone is considered the primary topical Ingredients for inhibiting melanin Production 12.Inhibition of the Enzy-Matic Activity by competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase results in Decreased or absent melanin synthesis by the melanocytes in Human Skin 13.Cosmetic. Skin Lightening Products containing hydroquinone often have a Strident Scent Reminiscent of Bleach. 14.According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and World Health Organization (WHO), non-prescription Skin Lightening creams Can contain up to 2% hydroquinone. 15. Some concerns have been About this Chemical safety on Skin expressed, but when it comes to the Research Application Indicates topical negative reactions are extremely MINOR or as Result of High concentrations using 16.Hydroquinone are unsafe for use because it increase the risk of developing cancers Skin. from Sun exposure, thus more sensitive to the Sun Skin Makes one's damaging Ultraviolet rays. 17.It has been banned in countries like France because of fears of Some Cancer risk (Belezal-Sandra, two thousand and twelve), also in section 5 and 29 of. 1 995 Cosmetic product Regulation in Nigeria, has the use of bleaching agents Prohibited which includes hydroquinone and Mercury. 18.It Can Harm the Reproductive System and damages the immune System. 19.It has numerous long-term Unfavorable effects with Application, including irritative dermatitis. , melanocyte Destruction, Contact dermatitis and Ochrono-SIS 20.It Can be particularly irritant in higher concentrations of 4% or Greater 21.Many Skin whiteners contain such Toxic Mercury as Mercury (II) chloride or Ammoniated Mercury as the active Ingredients. 22. Some of these creams contain up to more than May 2-5% Mercury Will that be harmful to Health thus resulting in Mercury poisoning 23.However, Mercury has been banned for use in Most countries in Skin Whitening (the 1,976th in Europe, in 1990 in USA. ) because it accumulates on Skin and Can it have the results in the long term Opposite. 24.Some Studies suggest that long term use could Cause systemic absorption that Leads to tissue accumulation of the substance. 25.Mercury is a highly volatile element with a. Atmospheric Half-Life long. 26.As a Result of these physical properties, it is ubiquitous in the Environment and exposure is not an isolated but rather a Global Concern Threat to Human Health. 27.In recent years, Research has revealed that even chronic. exposure to very low concentrations has the ability to Cause long-Lasting neurological impairment and kidney 28.Mercury and its compounds are Toxic compounds. Toxic effects of methylmercury especially in the Case May be taking Place at Lower concentrations. 29.It is a poison for the nervous System. 30.Exposure during Pregnancy is of Most Concern, because it May Harm the Development of the unborn Baby's Brain 31. Some Studies suggest that exposure Small increase in May affect the Heart and circulatory System. 32.Mercury containing cosmetics Preparation has been represented for many years as Skin bleaching agents. 33.Toning creams containing Mercury in the form of inorganic Mercury are mainly used by Dark. skinned people mostly in developing countries like Nigeria to lighten their skin tone thus inhibiting the production of the skin.