IntroductionDue to high or fluctuat

Introduction
Due to high or fluctuating prices of traditional feedstuff commodities, pork producers strive for new strategies to increase
dietary inclusion of alternative feedstuffs (Woyengo et al., 2014). Field pea (Pisum sativum L., subspecies hortense) is one of
the cool season, non-oil seed legume crops known as pulses. Field pea production has doubled in Canada over the last 10
years (FAOSTAT, 2014) to 3.8 million metric tons in 2013 (Statistics Canada, 2014) with yellow field pea as the most widely
produced (AAFC, 2014). Excess production or non-food grade field pea (splits) are available for feed processing. Field pea
contains less crude protein (CP) than soybean meal (SBM; Sauvant et al., 2004). High inclusion of field pea in diets for young
pigs concerns feed formulators because anti-nutritional factors (ANF) in field pea, e.g., trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) and
tannins to a lesser extent, depress feed intake and growth (Castell et al., 1996). However, because ANF are relatively low
for P. sativum L., subspecies hortense (Bastianelli et al., 1998), reduced growth performance may have been more related to
nutrient imbalances in earlier studies, because diets were not formulated to equal net energy (NE) value and standardised
ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content.
Replacing SBM rather than cereal grains is a main interest for feeding field pea. Including 180 g field pea/kg to replace
60 g SBM/kg and 120 g corn/kg in nursery pig diets did not affect growth performance (Stein et al., 2004). Inclusion of up
to 600 g field pea/kg by replacing 200 g SBM/kg and 400 g corn/kg in diets balanced to equal metabolisable energy and SID
indispensable AA linearly reduced growth performance of piglets (Stein et al., 2010). For younger pigs with a body weight
(BW) of 6 kg, inclusion of up to 300 g field pea/kg by replacing 80 g SBM/kg and 220 g corn/kg reduced average daily feed
intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG; Friesen et al., 2006). The greatest replacement rate of SBM was 350 g field pea
replacing 170 g SBM/kg but coincided with reduced feed efficiency (gain:feed, G:F; Owusu-Asiedu et al., 2002). To increase
flexibility of feed formulation, replacing more than half of SBM with field pea without reduced growth performance should
be the aim. To date, such an aggressive replacement rate has not been reported.
The hypothesis of the present study was that pigs offered diets containing up to 400 g field pea/kg and formulated to equal
NE and SID amino acid content would have dietary nutrient digestibility and growth performance not different from pigs fed
a diet without field pea, starting 1 week after weaning. The objectives were to determine whether a dose response existed
for apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (CATTD) of dietary gross energy (GE) and CP and growth performance of
weaned pigs fed diets containing up to 400 g field pea/kg in substitution for 300 g SBM and 100 g wheat/kg

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Introduction
Due to High or fluctuating prices of feedstuff Traditional Commodities, Pork producers strive for New Strategies to increase
dietary inclusion of Alternative feedstuffs (Woyengo et AL., 2014). Field pea (Pisum sativum L., subspecies hortense) is One of
The Season cool, non-legume Oil Seed Crops Known As pulses. Field pea production has doubled in Canada over The Last 10
years (FAOSTAT, 2 014) to 3.8 million metric tons in 2 013 (Statistics Canada, 2 014) with Yellow Field pea As The Most widely
produced (AAFC, two thousand and fourteen). Excess production or non-food grade field pea (splits) are available for feed processing. Field pea
Contains less Crude protein (CP) than soybean Meal (SBM; Sauvant et AL., 2004th). High of Field pea inclusion in diets for Young
Pigs Because Concerns Feed formulators Anti-Nutritional factors (ANF) in Field pea, eg, trypsin inhibitory Activity (TIA) and
tannins to a Lesser extent, Depress Feed Intake and growth (Castell et AL. , 1996). However, are relatively Because ANF Low
for P. sativum L., subspecies hortense (Bastianelli et AL., 1 998), reduced growth Performance May Have been more Related to
nutrient imbalances in Earlier Studies, Not Because diets were formulated to equal net Energy (. NE) value and Standardised
ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content.
Replacing SBM Rather than Grains cereal is a main interest for feeding Field pea. Including 180 G Field pea / kg to REPLACE
60 G SBM / kg and 120 G Corn / kg in diets did Nursery Pig Performance Not affect growth (Stein et AL., 2004th). Inclusion of up
to 600 G Field pea / kg by Replacing 200 G SBM / kg and 400 G Corn / kg in diets to equal Metabolisable Balanced Energy and SID
indispensable AA Performance linearly reduced growth of piglets (Stein et AL., 2010). For Younger Pigs with a Body Weight
(BW) of 6 kg, inclusion of up to 300 G Field pea / kg by Replacing 80 G SBM / kg and 220 G Corn / kg reduced Average Daily Feed
Intake (ADFI) and Average Daily Gain (. ADG; Friesen et al., 2006). The Greatest Replacement rate of SBM was 350 G Field pea
Replacing 170 G SBM / kg but coincided with reduced Feed efficiency (Gain: Feed, G: F; Owusu-Asiedu et AL., 2002). To increase
Flexibility of Feed formulation, Replacing more than Half of SBM with Field pea Without Performance reduced growth should
be The AIM. To Date, Such an aggressive Replacement rate has Not been Reported.
The hypothesis of The Present Study was that Pigs Offered diets containing up to 400 G Field pea / kg and formulated to equal
NE and SID amino acid content would Have dietary nutrient Digestibility and growth. Performance Not different from Pigs Fed
a Diet Without Field pea, Starting 1 week After weaning. The objectives were to Determine Whether a dose Response existed
for apparent total Tract Digestibility coefficients (CATTD) of dietary gross Energy (GE) and CP and growth Performance of
weaned Pigs Fed diets containing up to 400 G Field pea / kg in substitution for 300 G. SBM and 100 g wheat / kg.