Group therapyFor some patients grou

Group therapy
For some patients group support, often in the setting of a day hospital,
is a good means of meeting and working through problems including
dependency needs. It is often less intense than one to one therapy, and
less likely to lead to regression. Groups can help some older people with
social functioning, especially those who have been isolated. Some special
difficulties with group therapy in the elderly include deafness and
somnolence. Avoiding meeting after heavy meals; using comfortable but
supportive chairs; a well ventilated room; and a minimum of extraneous
noise, help to keep everyone awake and able to hear. Meetings should
not run for longer than half an hour.
Dobson & Culhane (1991) describe a therapeutic group run for older
women. They emphasise the importance of having a clear purpose for a
group and considering selection criteria carefully. In the early stages,
rules such as not talking while others do, and valuing others’ contributions,
helped to harness good intentions. Finances, losses and reminiscences
were powerful themes. The group ended after plenty of notice had been
given, and a photograph taken on the penultimate session. The leader’s
responsibilities are defined in Box 17.3.

Family therapy
Most informal carers are close family members, and the problems shown
by an older family member may reflect family pathology. Family therapy
remains primarily associated with helping children, but there are now a number of established examples of its application to older people
(Brubaker, 1985). The adaptations required are relatively minor, although
they include all the general rules for involving older people in
psychological treatments (Box 17.1). There may be problems with
communication, for example deafness or poor vision, which can
compound the effects of ageing in reducing information processing
capacity. The overall effect is to make demanding tasks such as therapy
very difficult. Physical or mental illness can be used to scapegoat the
older person. Conversely, symptoms of physical illness can be accentuated
or become an important vehicle for the older person’s status and power
(West & Spinks, 1988) (Box 17.4)


(a) The family life cycle – looking at how families evolve. Key issues
in later family life include retirement and becoming a grandparent.
(b) Cross-generational interplay – life cycle changes in different
generations may not ‘fit’. One generation may be more family
orientated (e.g. during childbirth) while others are more outward
looking (e.g. early retirement). Expectations may vary across the
generations.
(c) Genograms – drawing a family tree is a useful way of collecting,
organising and considering family information.
(d) Circular questions – these are in terms of relationships. Examples
include, “If your mother says this, what does your brother do?” or
“who in the family would this affect?”
(e) Reflecting teams – members of the multi-disciplinary team talk about
the family while they listen, offering different perspectives.


การรักษาผู้ป่วยโรคเครียดทางจิตวิทยา
Family problems are common in the elderly
Serious illness and impending death have major effects on the
family
Carer stress is very common
Responsibility for older members can cause guilt in those not
caring
Family myths may need to be explored
Illness can be used to bond the family together
Low key family meetings can be very useful
High expressed emotion includes criticism and overinvolvement

Anxiety management

Dynamics

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

Group therapyFor some patients group support, often in the setting of a day hospital,is a good means of meeting and working through problems includingdependency needs. It is often less intense than one to one therapy, andless likely to lead to regression. Groups can help some older people withsocial functioning, especially those who have been isolated. Some specialdifficulties with group therapy in the elderly include deafness andsomnolence. Avoiding meeting after heavy meals; using comfortable butsupportive chairs; a well ventilated room; and a minimum of extraneousnoise, help to keep everyone awake and able to hear. Meetings shouldnot run for longer than half an hour.Dobson & Culhane (1991) describe a therapeutic group run for olderwomen. They emphasise the importance of having a clear purpose for agroup and considering selection criteria carefully. In the early stages,rules such as not talking while others do, and valuing others' contributions,helped to harness good intentions. Finances, losses and reminiscenceswere powerful themes. The group ended after plenty of notice had beengiven, and a photograph taken on the penultimate session. The leader'sresponsibilities are defined in Box 17.3.Family therapyMost informal carers are close family members, and the problems shownby an older family member may reflect family pathology. Family therapyremains primarily associated with helping children, but there are now a number of established examples of its application to older people(Brubaker, 1985). The adaptations required are relatively minor, althoughthey include all the general rules for involving older people inpsychological treatments (Box 17.1). There may be problems withcommunication, for example deafness or poor vision, which cancompound the effects of ageing in reducing information processingcapacity. The overall effect is to make demanding tasks such as therapyvery difficult. Physical or mental illness can be used to scapegoat theolder person. Conversely, symptoms of physical illness can be accentuatedor become an important vehicle for the older person's status and power(West & Spinks, 1988) (Box 17.4)(a) The family life cycle – looking at how families evolve. Key issuesin later family life include retirement and becoming a grandparent.(b) Cross-generational interplay – life cycle changes in differentgenerations may not 'fit'. One generation may be more familyorientated (e.g. during childbirth) while others are more outwardlooking (e.g. early retirement). Expectations may vary across thegenerations.(c) Genograms – drawing a family tree is a useful way of collecting,organising and considering family information.(d) Circular questions – these are in terms of relationships. Examplesinclude, "If your mother says this, what does your brother do?" or"who in the family would this affect?"(e) Reflecting teams – members of the multi-disciplinary team talk aboutthe family while they listen, offering different perspectives.Treatment of patients with chronic psychological stressFamily problems are common in the elderlySerious illness and impending death have major effects on thefamilyCarer stress is very commonResponsibility for older members can cause guilt in those notcaringFamily myths may need to be exploredIllness can be used to bond the family togetherLow key family meetings can be very usefulHigh expressed emotion includes criticism and overinvolvementAnxiety managementDynamics

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Group Therapy
For some patients Group support, often in The Setting of a Day Hospital,
is a good means of Meeting and Working Through problems including
Dependency Needs. It is often less than One to One Intense Therapy, and
less likely to Lead to regression. groups Can Help some older People with
Social functioning, especially those Who Have been isolated. Mostly Special
difficulties with Group Therapy in The Elderly include Deafness and
somnolence. Avoiding Meeting After Heavy Meals; using comfortable but
supportive Chairs; a Well ventilated Room; and a. Minimum of extraneous
Noise, Help to Keep everyone awake and Able to Hear. Meetings should
Not Run for Longer than Half an hour.
Dobson & Culhane (the 1991st) describe a Therapeutic Group Run for older
Women. They emphasize The Importance of having a clear purpose. for a
Group and considering Selection criteria carefully. In The Early Stages,
Rules Such As Not talking while others do, and valuing others' contributions,
helped to harness good Intentions. Finances, losses and reminiscences
were powerful themes. The Group ENDED After Plenty of. Notice had been
Given, and a photograph Taken on The Penultimate session. The leader's
responsibilities are defined in Box 17.3. Family Therapy Most informal Carers are close Family Members, and The problems shown by an older Family Member May Reflect Family Pathology. Family Therapy Remains. primarily Associated with Helping Children, but there are now a number of Established examples of ITS Application to older People (Brubaker, 1 985). The adaptations Required are relatively Minor, although they include all The general Rules for involving older People in Psychological Treatments (Box. 17.1). There May be problems with Communication, for example Deafness or poor Vision, which Can Compound The effects of aging in reducing information processing Capacity. The Overall Effect is to Make demanding Tasks Such As Therapy very Difficult. Physical or Mental illness Can be. Used to Scapegoat The older person. Conversely, symptoms of physical illness Can be accentuated or Become an important vehicle for The older person's Status and Power (West & Spinks, 1,988) (Box 17.4) (a) The Family Life Cycle - Looking at How. Families Evolve. Key Issues in later Family Life include Retirement and Becoming a Grandparent. (B) Cross-generational Interplay - Life Cycle Changes in different Generations May Not 'Fit'. One Generation May be more Family orientated (eg during Childbirth) while others. are more Outward Looking (eg Early Retirement). Expectations May Vary Across The Generations. (C) Genograms - Drawing a Family Tree is a Useful Way of collecting, Organising and considering Family information. (D) Circular Questions - these are in terms of. Relationships. Examples include, "If your Mother says this, What does your Brother do?" or "Who in The Family would this affect?" (E) Reflecting Teams - Members of The Multi-disciplinary team talk About The Family while they Listen. , offering different perspectives. The treatment of patients with serious psychological Family problems are Common in The Elderly Serious illness and impending Death Have Major effects on The Family Carer Stress is very Common Responsibility for older Members Can Cause Guilt in those Not Caring Family Myths May. Need to be explored Illness Can be Used to Bond The Family Together Low Key Family meetings Can be very Useful Includes High Emotion expressed criticism and Overinvolvement Anxiety Management Dynamics.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Group therapy
For some patients, group support often in the setting of a day hospital
is, a good means of meeting and working. Through problems including
dependency needs. It is often less intense than one to, one therapy and
less likely to lead to. Regression. Groups can help some older people with
social functioning especially those, who have been isolated. Some special
.Difficulties with group therapy in the elderly include deafness and
somnolence. Avoiding meeting after heavy meals; using. Comfortable but
supportive chairs; a well ventilated room; and a minimum of extraneous
noise help to, keep everyone awake. And able to hear. Meetings should
not run for longer than half an hour.
Dobson & Culhane (1991) describe a therapeutic group. Run for older
women.They emphasise the importance of having a clear purpose for a
group and considering selection criteria carefully. In the. Early stages
rules, such as not talking while others do and valuing, others' contributions
helped, to harness good intentions.? Finances losses and, reminiscences
were powerful themes. The group ended after plenty of notice had, been
givenAnd a photograph taken on the penultimate session. The leader 's
responsibilities are defined in Box 17.3.


, Family therapy Most Informal carers are close, family members and the problems shown
by an older family member may reflect family, pathology. Family therapy
remains primarily associated with, helping childrenBut there are now a number of established examples of its application to older people
(Brubaker 1985). The, adaptations. Required are, relatively minor although
they include all the general rules for involving older people in
psychological treatments. (Box 17.1). There may be problems with
communication for example, deafness or, poor vision which can
.Compound the effects of ageing in reducing information processing
capacity. The overall effect is to make demanding tasks. Such as therapy
very difficult. Physical or mental illness can be used to scapegoat the
older person. Conversely symptoms,, Of physical illness can be accentuated
or become an important vehicle for the older person 's status and power
(West, & Spinks. 1988) (Box 17.4)


.(a) The family life cycle - looking at how families evolve. Key issues
in later family life include retirement and becoming. A grandparent.
(b) Cross-generational interplay - life cycle changes in different
generations may not 'fit'. One generation. May be more family
orientated (e.g. During childbirth) while others are more outward
looking (e.g. Early retirement).Expectations may vary across the
generations.
(c) Genograms - drawing a family tree is a useful way of collecting
organising,, And considering family information.
(d) Circular questions - these are in terms of relationships. Examples
include, "If. Your mother, says this what does your brother do? "Or
" who in the family would this affect? "
.(E) Reflecting teams - members of the multi-disciplinary team talk about
the family while they listen offering different,, Perspectives.


the treatment of patient with psychological stress
Family problems are common in the elderly
Serious illness and impending. Death have major effects on the

Carer family stress is very common
.Responsibility for older members can cause guilt in those not

Family caring myths may need to be explored
Illness can be. Used to bond the family together
Low key family meetings can be very useful
High expressed emotion includes criticism and. Overinvolvement



, Anxiety management Dynamics