a 3-fold higher rate when compared to normoglycemic
controls. Macrosomia is typically defined as a birth weight
above the 90th percentile for gestational age or >4,000 g.
Unlike maternal hyperglycemia, maternal obesity has
a strong and independent effect on fetal macrosomia [1] .
Gestational age at delivery, maternal pre-pregnancy body
mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, maternal