heterogeneous disease and the etiology is still unclear. Early detection and early treatment can<br>increase survival. However, metastasis to other tissues occurs in a large number of patients,<br>especially in triple-negative (TN) breast cancer [2]. More than 90% of breast cancer deaths are<br>due to metastasis-related complications [3]. Breast cancer cells can metastasize to diverse<br><br>organs including lung, liver, bone, brain, etc., and once resident can proliferate into macro-<br>scopic masses, leading ultimately to death [4]. Five-year survival rates for distant metastasis<br><br>breast cancer patients are less than 20% [5].<br><br>Metastasis is frequently a final and fatal step in the progression of solid tumors. The meta-<br>static process consists of tumor cell intravasation, survival in circulation, extravasation into a<br><br>distant organ, angiogenesis and uninhibited growth [6]. When cancer cells metastasize to<br><br>other distant organs, microenvironmental factors work to overcome many barriers. In particu-<br>lar, when breast cancer cells metastasize from primary tumors to specific tissues, communica-<br>tion between the disseminated tumor cells and the resident stromal cells in those colonized<br><br>tissues is varied but thought to be important to tumor progression. There are a variety of com-<br>ponents that make up the microenvironment of tumors such as growth factors, immune cells,<br><br>cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix (ECM), tumor-associated macrophages, and can-<br>cer-associated fibroblasts [7].<br><br>The mechanisms that determine which organs become metastasized by breast cancer are<br>complex and influenced by many factors. One of them is the molecular subtype. Breast cancer<br>is subdivided into four major clinical subtypes based on gene expression profiles and receptor<br>status (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor<br>receptor 2 (HER2) and proliferative status as assessed by Ki67 [8]. These clinical subtypes can<br><br>be classified as luminal A (ER +/PR +), luminal B (ER +/PR +/HER2-/+/Ki67 +), HER2 over-<br>expression (ER-/PR-/HER +) and basal-like/TN (ER-/PR-/HER2-). Bone is the most common<br><br>site of metastasis in all subtypes, but TN breast cancer is most likely to metastasize to the lung<br>[9]. However, the timing and mechanism by which breast cancer molecular subtypes can affect<br>metastasis to the lung are still unknown. Endeavors to understand the molecular mechanisms<br><br>that induce breast cancer metastasis in the lung and to incorporate it into new therapies con-<br>tinue [10].<br><br>Recently, there is active interest in using products of natural medicinal plants that have<br>anticancer effects and do not have cytotoxic values for cancer therapy or to overcome cancer<br><br>cell drug resistance. Among these, taxol analogues, vinca alkaloids, and podophyllotoxin ana-<br>logues play an important role in the treatment of some cancer patients [11]. Toxicodendron<br><br>vernicifluum (formerly Rhus verniciflua) Stokes belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and is<br>commonly known as th
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