Small units of images separated by two horizontal lines called Pixel pixels or so g (3,7) for the pixel at row 3, column 7 and g (L-1, N-1) instead. The image at the position last row is L-1 the last column is the N-1, in practice, the values of L and N popular as the integer powers of two as L = 2k and N = 2n where k and n are constants. that any such 210 = 1024, 29 = 512, 28 = 256, etc.
3. Estimation of the light intensity of each pixel. (Quantization) in the case of a grayscale image. White will be replaced by the 255, and black is represented by the 0 level of the tone is darker gradually from white to black. And is represented by the integer value between two values. In general tone is represented by 256 colors or 28 by 8 is the number of bits in the memory is used to store a value, so black, the light intensity is 0 or denoted by 000,000,002 and white with intensity. light as a 255 or denoted by. 111111112
, in the case of color images, the primary colors of light, three colors: red, green and blue are the light intensity from 0 - 255, as well as the colors of the illustrations from the primary colors of light, which is not much. well 2. Analysis of multiple choice questions to test analysis was used to evaluate the results. By taking the difference between the concepts in the evaluation. The scores of each student to compare the scores of other students in the same group. To identify gifted students who leave school young people. Indicator of the quality of the examination for the test groups based on level of difficulty (p) and discrimination (r), which is a good test. There has to be a level of difficulty adequate. Classification must be empowered with great difficulty levels (p) represents the percentage of those who answered the questions correctly the number of people who answered all questions. Or the percentage of those tests that are, for example, the p = 0.30 shows that the number of those 100 people who answered the questions that were 30 people, the difficulty is between 0 and 1.00 to find value. difficulty As a proportion of the respondents were requested it. Compared to the total number of people that question was. Which is represented by "p" in the formula.
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